Cited by 628Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing TechnologiesAdditive Manufacturing Materials and ProcessesInnovations in Concrete and Construction Materials

3D printing in aerospace and its long-term sustainability

Open access
Joshi, Sunil C., Sheikh, Abdullah A.·2015·Virtual and Physical Prototyping

Abstract

Astonishingly 3D printing has excited the world of aerospace. This paper takes stock of the popular 3D printing processes in aerospace. Reasons for their popularity over the traditional manufacturing processes are dwelled upon. Materials developed specially for aerospace applications along with their characteristics are discussed. Ongoing activities related to 3D printing at various companies and organisations around the world are looked into. Project works in the area of extra-terrestrial printing are also highlighted. Even though 3D printing processes are operationally simple, they do have limitations in terms of the type, quality, and quantity of the materials they can handle. This paper underlines these points while discussing drawbacks of the printed components. Challenges associated with 3D printing in microgravity are also touched upon. Finally, a glimpse is taken into the future appearance of aerospace industry with 3D printing.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1080/17452759.2015.1111519

Cites

1 of 1 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • AM produces little to no waste with buy-to-fly ratios of between 1:1 and 3:1.

    “By the nature of the layer-by-layer manufacturing process, AM produces little to no waste with buy-to-fly ratios of between 1:1 and 3:1 [18,19].”

    From Metal additive manufacturing in aerospace: A review (2021) · cites this paper as [19]

    The Material Wastage section says AM involves little to no raw-material wastage. The General Outlook section says 3D printing can reduce the buy-to-fly ratio to almost 1:1, but it does not give the claimed upper bound of 3:1. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.88)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 37

  1. ASTM F2792-12a, Standard Terminology for Additive Manufacturing Technologies, vol. 10.04.
  2. Chua, C. K., & Leong, K. F. (2015). 3D printing and additive manufacturing: principles and applications. Singapore; Hackensack, New Jersey: World Scientific.
  3. Atzeni, E., & Salmi, A. (2012). Economics of additive manufacturing for end-usable metal parts, International Journal of Additive Manufacturing Technology, 62(9), 1147-55.
  4. Petrovic, V., Gonzalez, J.V.H., Ferrando, O.J., Gordillo, J.D., Puchades, J.R.B., & Grinan, L.P. (2011). Additive layered manufacturing: Sectors of industrial application shown through case studies. International Journal of Production Research, 49(4), 1071-1079.
  5. Additive manufacturing study shows cuts in material consumption and reduced CO 2 Emissions (2013 December 4), Powder Metallurgy Review. Retrieved from http://www.ipmd.net/articles/002490.html.
  6. Baumers, M., Tuck, C., Wildman, R., Ashcroft, I., & Hague, R. (2011). Energy inputs to additive manufacturing: Does capacity utilization matter? In: Conference Paper: Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium 2011, Austin (TX)/USA.
  7. Kreiger, M., & Pearce, J.M. (2013). Environmental life cycle analysis of distributed three- dimensional printing and conventional manufacturing of polymer products. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 1(12), 1511-1519. Retrieved from http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/sc400093k. · DOI
  8. Reeves, P., (2008). Additive Manufacturing -A supply chain wide response to economic uncertainty and environmental sustainability. Econolyst Ltd., Derbyshire, UK. Retrieved from http://www.researchgate.net/publication/242384908_Additive_Manufacturing_- _A_supply_chain_wide_response_to_economic_uncertainty_and_environmental_sustainabilit y.
  9. Sutherland, W.J., Bardsley, S., Clout, M., Depledge, M.H., Dicks, L.V., Fellman, L., Fleishman, E., et al. (2013 January). A horizon scan of global conservation issues for 2013. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 28(1), 16-22. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2012.10.022 · DOI
  10. Groover, M. P. (2002). Fundamentals of modern manufacturing: materials, processes, and systems. New York : John Wiley & Sons.
  11. Hopkinson, N., Hague, R.J.M., & Dickens, P.M. (2006). Rapid Manufacturing: An industrial revolution for the digital age. doi: 10.1002/0470033991. · DOI
  12. Kobryn, P., Ontko, N., Perkins, L., et al (2006 May 15-17). Additive manufacturing of aerospace alloys for aircraft structures. In: Meeting proceedings RTO-MP-AVT-139, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Neuilly-sur-Seine, France: RTO.
  13. Uriondo, A., Esperon-Miguez, M., & Perinpanayagam, S. (2015). The present and furture of additive manufacturing in the aerospace sector: A review of important aspects. Journal of Aerospace Engineering, 229 (11), 2132-2147.
  14. Hibbert, L. (2014). 3D printing takes off: innovative production methods now being developed in the aerospace sector have the potential to cut costs by slashing the amount of raw material wasted. Professional Engineering Magazine, 27(2),45.
  15. Campbell, F. C. (2006). Manufacturing technology for aerospace structural materials. [electronic resource]. Amsterdam; Boston: Elsevier.
  16. Facchini, L., Emanuele, M., Pierfrancesco, R., et al. (2010). Ductility of a Ti-6Al-4V alloy produced by selective laser melting of prealloyed powders. Rapid Prototyping Journal, 16, 450-459.
  17. Facchini, L., Emanuele, M., Pierfrancesco, R., et al. (2009). Microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V produced by electron beam melting of prealloyed powders. Rapid Prototyping Journal, 15, 171-178.
  18. Ding, J and Williams, S. (2012). Thermo-mechanical analysis of wire and arc additive manufacturing process. PhD Thesis: Cranfield University, School of Applied Science, Bedfordshire, UK.
  19. Wang, F., Williams, S., Colegrove, P., & Antonysamy, A.A. (2013). Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Wire and Arc Additive Manufactured Ti-6Al-4V. Metallurgical And Materials Transactions A, (2), 968.
  20. Frazier, W.E. (2004). Metal Additive Manufacturing: A Review. Journal of Materials Engineering And Performance, (6), 1917.
  21. Baufeld, B. (2012). Mechanical Properties of INCONEL 718 Parts Manufactured by Shaped Metal Deposition (SMD). Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 21(7), 1416- 1421.
  22. Özgün, Ö., Gülsoy, H. Ö., Yılmaz, R., & Fındık, F. (2013). Microstructural and mechanical characterization of injection molded 718 superalloy powders. Journal of Alloys And Compounds, 576140-153. doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.04.042 · DOI
  23. Rao, G. A., Kumar, M., Srinivas, M., & Sarma, D.S. (2003). Effect of standard heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of hot isostatically pressed superalloy inconel 718. Materials Science & Engineering A, 355, 114-125. doi:10.1016/S0921-5093(03)00079-0 · DOI
  24. Sherman, L. M. (2009). Additive manufacturing: New capabilities for rapid prototypes and production parts. Plastics Technology, 55(3), 35-45.
  25. Stemp-Morlock, G. (2010). Personal fabrication. Communications of the ACM, 53(10), 14-15.
  26. Christ, S., Schnabel, M., Vorndran, E., Groll, J., & Gbureck, Uwe. (2015). Fibre reinforcement during 3D printing. Materials Letters, 139, 165-168.
  27. Using 3D Printing to Build Flight-Certified Hardware (2015). Advanced Materials & Processes, 173(5), 16.
  28. Warwick, G. (2013). Just Getting Started. Aviation Week & Space Technology, 175(39), 22- 22.
  29. 3D Printed Copper Rocket Engine Part on Way to Mars (2015). Metal Powder Report, 70(4), 196-197. doi:10.1016/j.mprp.2015.06.021 · DOI
  30. Witze, A. (2014 September). NASA to send 3D printer into space. Nature News, 513, 156. doi:10.1038/513156a · DOI
  31. 3D Printed Rocket Thruster Test Success (2014), Metal Powder Report, 69(4), 40. doi:10.1016/S0026-0657(14)70182-1 · DOI
  32. Morring, J.F. (2015). Space-Component Manufacturers Turn To 3-D Printing. Aviation Week & Space Technology, 177(16), 1.
  33. Researchers use 3-D printer to make parts from moon rock (2013 January). Science and Children, 50(5), 12.
  34. Williamson, M. (2015). Building a rocket? Press 'P' for print….Engineering & Technology, 10(2), 40-43.
  35. Leach, N. (2014). 3D Printing in Space. Architectural Design, 84(6), 108-113. doi: 10.1002/ad.1840 · DOI
  36. Ivanova, O.S., Williams, C.B., & Campbell, T.A. (2013) Additive manufacturing (AM) and nanotechnology: promises and challenges. Rapid Prototyping Journal, 19(5), 353-364.
  37. ASTM F2924-14, Standard Specification for Additive Manufacturing Titanium-6 Aluminum-4 Vanadium with Powder Bed Fusion, vol. 10.04

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Joshi, S. C., & Sheikh, A. A.
Affiliations
Nanyang Technological University (SG)
Corresponding author
Joshi, Sunil C.
Venue
Virtual and Physical Prototyping
Published
2015-10-02
Volume
10
Issue
4
Pages
175-185
ISSN
  • 1745-2759 (ISSN-L)
  • 1745-2767
OpenAlex
W2268908313
Cited by
628
References
1
Citations by year
2026: 36 · 2025: 73 · 2024: 90 · 2023: 86 · 2022: 103 · 2021: 87 · 2020: 66 · 2019: 53 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 4
FWCI
11.69
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Virtual and Physical Prototyping (publishedVersion)
  • DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Automotive Engineering › Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Additive Manufacturing Materials and Processes
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Building and Construction › Innovations in Concrete and Construction Materials
Keywords
3D printing, additive manufacturing, aerospace manufacturing, aerospace materials, microgravity, sustainability

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review