Gluten contamination in the Canadian commercial oat supply
Open accessAbstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that a majority of people with celiac disease and on a gluten-free diet can safely consume pure oats in moderate amounts; however, previous studies have indicated that the commercial oat supply in other countries, and in Canada to some extent, is contaminated with other grains. This study has confirmed that the commercial oat supply in Canada is heavily contaminated with gluten from other grains. Approximately 88% of the oat samples (n = 133) were contaminated above 20 mg kg(-1) and there were no differences between the oat types tested. Only one gluten-free variety of oats was analysed and it consistently provided negative results in all analyses. It is difficult to determine where the contamination originates, but there are possibilities for cross-contamination in the field, in the transport of the grain, in the storage of the grain, and in the milling and packaging facilities. It is clear from this study that only those products that have been certified 'pure' oats would be appropriate for a gluten-free diet.
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Controlled oats may safely be a part of the GFD.
“A systematic review and meta-analysis as well as long term studies on patients, have shown that controlled oats have no negative effect on symptoms, histology, immunity, or serologic features (36), and may safely be a part of the GFD (29,33,34).”
The potential toxicity of avenins in oats, and frequent gluten cross-contact, has raised concerns regarding coeliac patients.
“The potential toxicity of avenins in oats, and frequent gluten cross-contact has raised concerns regarding coeliac patients (29).”
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- Authors
- Koerner, T. B., Cléroux, C., Poirier, C., Cantin, I., Alimkulov, A., & Elamparo, H.
- Affiliations
- Health Canada (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Koerner, T.B.
- ORCID
- Koerner, T.B.
- Venue
- Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2011-06
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 705-710
- ISSN
- 1944-0049 (ISSN-L)
- 1944-0057
- PMC
- PMC3118497
- OpenAlex
- W2073337795
- Cited by
- 113
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 8.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Food Additives & Contaminants Part A (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Celiac Disease Research and Management
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Mycotoxins in Agriculture and Food
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Identification and Quantification in Food
- Keywords
- gluten contamination, oat, celiac disease, gluten-free diet, cross-contamination, grain storage
- MeSH terms
- Canada, Celiac Disease, Edible Grain, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Food Contamination, Food Hypersensitivity, Food Labeling, Glutens, Humans, Legislation, Food, Seasons, Seeds, Avena, Diet, Gluten-Free, Limit of Detection, Food, Organic
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