Irritable bowel syndrome, the microbiota and the gut-brain axis
Open accessAbstract
Irritable bowel syndrome is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder and it is now evident that irritable bowel syndrome is a multi-factorial complex of changes in microbiota and immunology. The bidirectional neurohumoral integrated communication between the microbiota and the autonomous nervous system is called the gut-brain-axis, which integrates brain and GI functions, such as gut motility, appetite and weight. The gut-brain-axis has a central function in the perpetuation of irritable bowel syndrome and the microbiota plays a critical role. The purpose of this article is to review recent research concerning the epidemiology of irritable bowel syndrome, influence of microbiota, probiota, gut-brain-axis, and possible treatment modalities on irritable bowel syndrome.
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During chronic constipation, harmful bacteria in the intestinal lumen increase, and pattern recognition receptors expressed by intestinal cells recognize specific pathogenic microorganisms, leading to activation of the immune response to resist pathogenic bacteria, promotion of colonization of beneficial bacteria, and reduction of the rate of intestinal infection.
“During chronic constipation, harmful bacteria in the intestinal lumen increase, and pattern recognition receptors expressed by intestinal cells can recognize specific pathogenic microorganisms, leading to activation of the immune response to resist pathogenic bacteria, promotion of the colonization of beneficial bacteria, and effective reduction of the rate of intestinal infection [22].”
From Chronic constipation and gut microbiota: current research insights and therapeutic implications (2024) · cites this paper as [22]
Elevated levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the blood during chronic constipation modulate the activity of innate immune cells by interacting with receptors in mast cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages/monocytes.
“In addition, elevated levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the blood during chronic constipation modulate the activity of innate immune cells by interacting with receptors in mast cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages/monocytes.”
From Chronic constipation and gut microbiota: current research insights and therapeutic implications (2024) · cites this paper as [22]
Probiotic therapy alleviates symptoms of constipation by modulating the intestinal microenvironment, intestinal epithelial immune response, intestinal secretory function, and the neuroendocrine system that influences intestinal motility and secretion.
“Probiotic therapy acts through a mass effect, which alleviates symptoms of constipation by modulating the intestinal microenvironment, intestinal epithelial immune response, intestinal secretory function, and the neuroendocrine system that inf luences intestinal motility and secretion [6,22,26].”
From Chronic constipation and gut microbiota: current research insights and therapeutic implications (2024) · cites this paper as [22]
The combination of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria can restore tight junctions between intestinal epithelial cells and maintain the integrity of the intestinal barrier.
“For instance, the combination of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria can restore tight junctions between intestinal epithelial cells and maintain the integrity of the intestinal barrier [22,54].”
From Chronic constipation and gut microbiota: current research insights and therapeutic implications (2024) · cites this paper as [22]
Substance P stored in visceral neurons stimulates smooth muscle contraction and amplifies visceral pain; when constipation occurs in central nervous system disorders, nerves containing SP are stimulated, leading to release of stored SP and resulting in abdominal pain.
“In addition, substance P (SP) stored in visceral neurons stimulates smooth muscle contraction and amplifies visceral pain; when constipation occurs in central nervous system disorders, nerves containing SP are stimulated, leading to the release of stored SP and resulting in abdominal pain [8,22,27].”
From Chronic constipation and gut microbiota: current research insights and therapeutic implications (2024) · cites this paper as [22]
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References 163 · Cited by 243
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Hyland NP, Golubeva AV. GABA(B) receptors in the bladder and bowel: Therapeutic potential for positive allosteric modulators? Br J Pharmacol 2016; in press
- Authors
- Raskov, H., Burcharth, J., Pommergaard, H.-C., & Rosenberg, J.
- Affiliations
- Speciallægecentret ved Diakonissestiftelsen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- Corresponding author
- Raskov, Hans
- Venue
- Gut Microbes
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2016-08-18
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 365-383
- ISSN
- 1949-0976 (ISSN-L)
- 1949-0984
- PMC
- PMC5046167
- OpenAlex
- W2485088535
- Cited by
- 243
- References
- 163
- Citations by year
- 2026: 35 · 2025: 37 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 48 · 2022: 38 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 1.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Gut Microbes (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Pharmacy › Infant Health and Development
- Keywords
- irritable bowel syndrome, gut microbiota, gut-brain axis, probiotics, functional gastrointestinal disorders, intestinal motility, treatment options
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Animals, Brain, Humans, Gastrointestinal Tract, Irritable Bowel Syndrome
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