The DOI matches its Crossref record, with a small difference in title or year.
Representation of People of Asian Descent in Mainstream Mass Media within the United States
Abstract
The public school classroom in the United States has been getting more diverse, linguistically and ethnically. Immigrant and second/third generation students learn American culture and norms from messages conveyed through mainstream media like internet, advertisements, films, newspapers, TV, and magazines. Their self-perceptions, perspectives toward others, attitudes toward classroom, school, and society are strongly influenced by the representations of diverse ethnic groups in mainstream media whether they are true or false. This study reviews three main stereotypical representations of one minority category in the U.S., the people of Asian descent, in U.S. mainstream media in the past- yellow peril, yellowface, and model minority. And then, this study focuses more on recent years to examine whether there are any changes or differences over the last 5 years compared to past decades with the content analysis of Time, Vogue, and Esquire from 2005 to 2010. The findings of this study indicate that model minority and yellow peril stereotypes still exist. Compared to model minority and yellow peril stereotypes, it was hard to find evidence of the yellowface in the advertisements and articles analyzed. The biggest problem this study found is that images of Asian descendants in the U.S. in mass media were still extremely rare.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Similarly, Billi in The Farewell (2019) shows emotional complexity while dealing with cultural and family pressures, thus reflecting a more nuanced portrayal of emotional depth.”
From From Dragon Lady to Authentic Representation: The Evolution and Cultural Impact of Asian Female Stereotypes in American Film (2025) · cites this paper as [13]
Citations
Cites
No references could be resolved yet.
Research works printed but not linked: 25
- Altheide, D. L. (1987). Ethnographic content analysis.Qualitative Sociology, 10(1), 65–77. · DOI
- Aoki, G. & Mio., J. S. (2009). Stereotypes and media images. In N. Tewarl & A. N. Alvarez (Eds.),Asian American psychology: Current perspectives(pp. 421–439). New York: Taylor & Francis.
- Banks, J. A. (2009).Teaching strategies for ethnic studies. (8th ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
- Berelson, B. (1952).Content analysis in communications research. New York: Free Press.
- Cortes, C. E. (2002).The making, and remaking, of a multiculturalist.New York: Teachers College Press
- Cortes, C. E. (1981). The societal curriculum: Implications for multiethnic educations. In J. A. Banks (Ed.),Education in the 80’s: Multiethnic education(pp. 24–31). National Education Association thought our lives.
- Dong, Q., Gundlach, D. & Phillips, J. (2006). The impact of bicultural identity on immigrant socialization through television viewing in the United States.Intercultural Communication Studies, 15(2), 63–74.
- Farquhar, J. & Doi, M. L. (1978). Bruce Lee vs. Fu Manchu: Kung Fu films and Asian American stereotypes in America,Bridge, 6(3), 13–50.
- Gay, G. (2010).Culturally responsive teaching: Theory, research, and practice(2nd ed.).New York: Teachers College Press.
- Gong, S. (1982). Zen warrior of the celluloid (silent) years: The art of Sessue Hayakawa.Bridge, 8(2), 37–41.
- Hernandez, D. J. (2004). Children and youth in immigrant families: Demographic, social, and educational issues. In J. A. Banks & C. A. M. Banks (Eds.),Handbook of research on multicultural education(2nded.) (pp. 404–419). San Francisco: Jossey- Bass.
- Kalpan, A. (1943). Content analysis and the theory of signs.Philosophy of Science, 10(4), 230–247. · DOI
- Krippendorff, K. (2004).Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology(2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
- Ladson-billings, G. (2004). Culture versus citizenship: The challenges of racialized citizenship in the United States. In J. A. Banks (Ed.),Diversity and citizenship education: Global perspectives(pp. 99–126). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
- Lee, S. J., Wong, N. A. & Alvarez, A. N. (2009). The model minority and the perpetual foreigner: Stereotypes of Asian Americans. In N. Tewarl & A. N. Alvarez (Eds.),Asian American psychology: Current perspectives(pp. 69–83). New York: Taylor & Francis.
- Lowe, S. M. (2008). A frank discussion on Asian Americans and their academic and career development. In N. Tewari & A. N. Alvarez (Eds.),Asian American psychology: Current perspectives(pp. 463–481). New York: Routledge.
- Marchetti, G. (1993).Romance and the “Yellow Peril”: Race, sex, and discursive strategies in Hollywood fiction.Berkeley: University of California Press.
- Ngo, B. & Lee, S. J. (2007). Complication the image of model minority success: A review of Southeast Asian American education.Review of Educational Research, 77(4), 415–452. · DOI
- Ono, K. A. & Pham, V. N. (2009).Asian American and the media. Malden, MA: Polity Press.
- Porter, M. J., Larson, D. L., Harhcock, A. & Nellis, K. B. (2002). Re(de)fining narrative events: Examining television narrative structure.The Journal of Popular Film and Television, 30(1), 23–30. · DOI
- Rumbaut, R. G. & Portes, A. (2001).Ethnicities: Children of immigrants in America.Berkeley: University of California Press.
- Shim, D. (1998). From yellow peril through model minority to renewed yellow peril.Journal of Communication Inquiry, 22(4), 385–409. · DOI
- Siu, S. (1996).Asian American students at risk: A literature review(Crespar Report No. 8). Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University.
- Taylor, C. R. & Lee, J. (1994) Not in vogue: Portrayals of Asian Americans in U.S. advertising.Journal of Public policy and Marketing, 13(2), 239–245. · DOI
- Zhang, Y. & Wildemuth, B. M. (2009). Qualitative analysis of content. In B. Wildemuth (Ed.),Applications of social research methods to questions in information and library science(pp. 308–319). Westport, CT: Libraries Unlimited.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Yu, Z. (2025) · Communications in Humanities Research · doi:10.54254/2753-7064/2025.22863
Metadata
- Authors
- Kim, Y.
- Affiliations
- University of Washington (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kim, Younghan
- ORCID
- Kim, Younghan
- Venue
- Multicultural Education Review
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2013-01
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 20-48
- ISSN
- 2005-615X (ISSN-L)
- 2377-0031
- OpenAlex
- W2328090053
- Cited by
- 10
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 0.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Multicultural Education Review (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Media, Gender, and Advertising
- Social Sciences › Cultural Studies › Cultural Identity and Representation
- Social Sciences › Cultural Studies › Asian American and Pacific Histories
- Keywords
- Asian Americans, media representation, stereotypes, model minority, Yellow Peril, yellowface, mainstream media, advertising, immigrant students, ethnic minority representation, Time magazine, Vogue, Esquire
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review