Subcompartments of the macrophage recycling endosome direct the differential secretion of IL-6 and TNFα
Open accessAbstract
Activated macrophages secrete an array of proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) and interleukin 6 (IL-6), that are temporally secreted for sequential roles in inflammation. We have previously characterized aspects of the intracellular trafficking of membrane-bound TNFα and its delivery to the cell surface at the site of phagocytic cups for secretion (Murray, R.Z., J.G. Kay, D.G. Sangermani, and J.L. Stow. 2005. Science. 310:1492–1495). The trafficking pathway and surface delivery of IL-6, a soluble cytokine, were studied here using approaches such as live cell imaging of fluorescently tagged IL-6 and immunoelectron microscopy. Newly synthesized IL-6 accumulates in the Golgi complex and exits in tubulovesicular carriers either as the sole labeled cargo or together with TNFα, utilizing specific soluble NSF attachment protein receptor (SNARE) proteins to fuse with the recycling endosome. Within recycling endosomes, we demonstrate the compartmentalization of cargo proteins, wherein IL-6 is dynamically segregated from TNFα and from surface recycling transferrin. Thereafter, these cytokines are independently secreted, with TNFα delivered to phagocytic cups but not IL-6. Therefore, the recycling endosome has a central role in orchestrating the differential secretion of cytokines during inflammation.
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Upon stimulation of macrophages with LPS, IL-6 starts accumulating in the Golgi after 4 h of stimulation.
“Upon stimulation of macrophages with LPS, IL-6 starts accumulating in the Golgi after 4 h of stimulation (45).”
From Macrophage Cytokines: Involvement in Immunity and Infectious Diseases (2014) · cites this paper as [45]
The Results section, “Temporal secretion of IL-6 and TNFα in activated macrophages,” says IL-6 can be detected in the supernatant from 4 h after LPS stimulation, but its accumulation in the Golgi is not visible until 6 h. The claim conflates the 4-h secretion time with visible Golgi accumulation. (LLM, conf=0.90)
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredKnockdown and overexpression of these SNAREs decreases and augments IL-6 release, respectively.
“Knockdown and overexpression of these SNAREs decreases and augments IL-6 release, respectively (45).”
From Macrophage Cytokines: Involvement in Immunity and Infectious Diseases (2014) · cites this paper as [45]
Three-dimensional reconstruction of fluorescence images showed that recycling endosomes can harbor both TNF and IL-6, albeit both occupy different subcompartments.
“Three-dimensional reconstruction of fluorescence images showed that recycling endosomes can harbor both TNF and IL-6, albeit both occupy different subcompartments (45).”
From Macrophage Cytokines: Involvement in Immunity and Infectious Diseases (2014) · cites this paper as [45]
Unlike TNF, IL-6 is not secreted at the phagocytic cup.
“Unlike TNF, IL-6 is not secreted at the phagocytic cup (45).”
From Macrophage Cytokines: Involvement in Immunity and Infectious Diseases (2014) · cites this paper as [45]
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- Authors
- Manderson, A. P., Kay, J. G., Hammond, L. A., Brown, D. L., & Stow, J. L.
- Affiliations
- The University of Queensland (AU)
- Venue
- The Journal of Cell Biology
- Publisher
- Rockefeller University Press
- Published
- 2007-07-02
- Volume
- 178
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 57-69
- ISSN
- 0021-9525 (ISSN-L)
- 1540-8140
- PMC
- PMC2064421
- OpenAlex
- W2171599719
- Cited by
- 198
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 4.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-sa
- Locations
- The Journal of Cell Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Cellular transport and secretion
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
- Keywords
- macrophages, recycling endosomes, interleukin-6, TNF-α, cytokine production, Golgi apparatus, SNARE proteins, membrane trafficking, phagocytic cup, transferrin recycling
- MeSH terms
- Cyclic AMP, Animals, Cell Line, Fluorescent Dyes, Macrophages, Microscopy, Fluorescence, Endosomes, Rhodamines, Transfection, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Interleukin-6, DNA, Complementary, Electroporation, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect, RNA, Small Interfering, Mice
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