REVERSIBLE COLLAPSE OF RABBIT EARS AFTER INTRAVENOUS PAPAIN, AND PREVENTION OF RECOVERY BY CORTISONE
Open accessAbstract
A substance has been demonstrated in solutions of crude papain, which, when injected intravenously into 1 kilo rabbits, in amounts less than 5 mg., results in complete collapse of both ears. The phenomenon becomes visible 4 hours after injection, and is complete within 24 hours. 3 or 4 days after papain, the ears gradually reassume their normal form. Ear collapse is associated with depletion of the ear cartilage matrix, and the disappearance of basophilia from the matrix. Similar changes occur in all other cartilage tissues, including bones, joints, larynx, trachea, and bronchi. At the time when the ears are restored to normal shape, the basophilic matrix reappears in cartilage. Repeated injections of papain, over a period of 2 or 3 weeks, bring about immunity to the phenomenon of ear collapse. When the arterial circulation to one ear is occluded for 15 minutes at the time of injection of papain, this ear is protected against collapse. The effect of crude papain could not be reproduced by crystalline papain protease or crystalline papain lysozyme, which together comprise a considerable portion of the dry weight of papain. The nature of the responsible factor has not been determined, and the possibility that chymopapain may be implicated is currently under study. Cortisone prevents the return of papain-collapsed ears to their normal shape and rigidity. Possibly this reflects a capacity of cortisone to impede the synthesis or deposition of sulfated mucopolysaccharides in tissues.
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Research on the effect of estrogen injections into ear cartilage has been conducted using rabbits, showing increased moldability of the auricle, therefore possibly prolonging the time frame for effective molding.
“Research on the effect of estrogen injections into ear cartilage has been conducted using rabbits.55,56 This showed increased moldability of the auricle, therefore possibly prolonging the time frame for effective molding.”
From Non-surgical Correction of Congenital Ear Anomalies: A Review of the Literature (2020) · cites this paper as [56]
The Experimental section (p. 246) reports increased flexibility of rabbit ears, but after intravenous papain, not estrogen injections into ear cartilage. The paper does not assess whether this effect prolongs the time frame for effective ear molding. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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- Authors
- Thomas, L.
- Affiliations
- Bellevue Hospital Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Thomas, Lewis
- Venue
- The Journal of Experimental Medicine
- Publisher
- Rockefeller University Press
- Published
- 1956-08-01
- Volume
- 104
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 245-252
- ISSN
- 0022-1007 (ISSN-L)
- 1540-9538
- PMC
- PMC2136658
- OpenAlex
- W1982661128
- Cited by
- 347
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 2 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 8.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-sa
- Locations
- The Journal of Experimental Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Osteoarthritis Treatment and Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Protease and Inhibitor Mechanisms
- Keywords
- papain, cartilage matrix, cartilage proteolysis, basophilia, cortisone, sulfated mucopolysaccharides, chymopapain, intravenous injection, cartilage degeneration, cartilage repair
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Bone and Bones, Cartilage, Cortisone, Papain, Peptide Hydrolases, Rabbits, Biomedical Research
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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