Persistent cellular immunity to SARS-CoV-2 infection
Open accessPublished version of a preprint
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for an ongoing pandemic that has affected millions of individuals around the globe. To gain further understanding of the immune response in recovered individuals, we measured T cell responses in paired samples obtained an average of 1.3 and 6.1 mo after infection from 41 individuals. The data indicate that recovered individuals show persistent polyfunctional SARS-CoV-2 antigen–specific memory that could contribute to rapid recall responses. Recovered individuals also show enduring alterations in relative overall numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ memory T cells, including expression of activation/exhaustion markers, and cell division.
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Robust CD4+ and CD8+ T cell memory is induced after COVID-19, and multiple COVID-19 vaccines elicit CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses.
“Robust CD4+ and CD8+ T cell memory is induced after COVID-19,22,39, 40, 41 and multiple COVID-19 vaccines elicit CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses.26,42, 43, 44, 45”
From Impact of SARS-CoV-2 variants on the total CD4+ and CD8+ T cell reactivity in infected or vaccinated individuals (2021) · cites this paper as [41]
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References 50 · Cited by 129
- Authors
- Breton, G., Mendoza, P., Hägglöf, T., Oliveira, T. Y., Schaefer-Babajew, D., Gaebler, C., Turroja, M., Hurley, A., Caskey, M., & Nussenzweig, M. C.
- Affiliations
- Rockefeller University (US)
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Breton, Gaëlle
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Experimental Medicine
- Publisher
- Rockefeller University Press
- Published
- 2021-01-27
- Volume
- 218
- Issue
- 4
- ISSN
- 0022-1007 (ISSN-L)
- 1540-9538
- PMC
- PMC7845919
- OpenAlex
- W3125525522
- Cited by
- 129
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 41 · 2021: 57 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 9.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- The Journal of Experimental Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (P01-AI138398-S1, 2U19AI111825)
- Swedish Research Council
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune responses and vaccinations
- Keywords
- SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 pandemic, cell-mediated immunity, T cell response, memory T cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, T cell exhaustion, T cell activation markers, T cell proliferation, long-term immune memory, recall response
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