The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Entropy Generation and the Survival of Protogalaxies in an Expanding Universe
Abstract
General formulae are derived for the bulk viscosity, shear viscosity, and heat transport due to radia tion, and for the damping rate of sound waves, in an imperfect relativistic fluid. These results are used to evaluate the cosmological entropy production associated with a nonvanishing mean free time of photons, neutrinos, or gravitons, and to calculate the rate of damping of protogalactic fluctuations in the period immediately prior to the recombination of hydrogen.
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“The quark nuggets evaporate as long as the temperature is above ∼ 50 MeV [99].”
From Phase Transitions in the Early and Present Universe (2006) · cites this paper as [99]
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EXTENDED IRREVERSIBLE THERMODYNAMICS
(2008) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-044452188-0.50020-3 · Cited by 1,462
Cosmological magnetic fields: their generation, evolution and observation
Durrer, R., & Neronov, A. (2013) · The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review · doi:10.1007/s00159-013-0062-7 · Cited by 325
“The effective viscosity in the gas of relativistic is related to the mean free path of the least coupled particle is ν̃ = λmfp/5, see Weinberg (1971) and Appendix A, so that the viscous dissipation scale λd ≃ ν̃/v is close to the particle mean free path for the characteristic plasma/fluid…”
BackgroundInfluentialCosmic Microwave Background Anisotropies
Hu, W., & Dodelson, S. (2002) · Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1146/annurev.astro.40.060401.093926 · Cited by 745
Effect of shear viscosity on spectra, elliptic flow, and Hanbury Brown–Twiss radii
Teaney, D. A. (2003) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.68.034913 · Cited by 651
Extended irreversible thermodynamics
Jou, D., Casas-Vázquez, J., & Lebon, G. (1988) · Reports on Progress in Physics · doi:10.1088/0034-4885/51/8/002 · Cited by 542
Metadata
- Authors
- Weinberg, S.
- Corresponding author
- Weinberg, Steven
- Venue
- The Astrophysical Journal
- Publisher
- American Astronomical Society
- Published
- 1971-09
- Volume
- 168
- Pages
- 175
- ISSN
- 0004-637X (ISSN-L)
- 1538-4357
- OpenAlex
- W2006497728
- Cited by
- 734
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 28 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 33 · 2016: 30 · 2015: 32 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 31 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 8.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Astrophysical Journal (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Dark Matter and Cosmic Phenomena
- Keywords
- entropy production, protogalaxies, cosmic expansion, bulk viscosity, shear viscosity, radiative heat transport, acoustic damping, mean free time, photon mean free path, neutrino mean free path, hydrogen recombination
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