The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Age and the Explanation of Crime
Abstract
One of the few facts agreed on in criminology is the age distribution of crime. This fact has been used to criticize social theories of crime causation, to provide the foundation for other theories, to justify recent emphases on career criminals, and to support claims of superiority for longitudinal designs in criminological research. In the present paper, we argue that the age distribution of crime is sufficiently invariant over a broad range of social conditions that these uses of the age distribution are not justified by available evidence.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cited by
Adolescence-limited and life-course-persistent antisocial behavior: a developmental taxonomy
Moffitt, T. E. (1993) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.100.4.674 · Cited by 9,987
Making good: How ex-convicts reform and rebuild their lives.
Maruna, S. (2001) · doi:10.1037/10430-000 · Cited by 3,575
Companions in Crime: The Social Aspects of Criminal Conduct
Warr, M. (2002) · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511803956 · Cited by 1,122
Uggen, C. (2000) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.1177/000312240006500403 · Cited by 1,079
Structural Covariates of Homicide Rates: Are There Any Invariances Across Time and Social Space?
Land, K. C., McCall, P. L., & Cohen, L. E. (1990) · American Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1086/229381 · Cited by 866
Metadata
- Authors
- Hirschi, T., & Gottfredson, M.
- Venue
- American Journal of Sociology
- Publisher
- University of Chicago Press
- Published
- 1983-11
- Volume
- 89
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 552-584
- ISSN
- 0002-9602 (ISSN-L)
- 1537-5390
- OpenAlex
- W2052665521
- Cited by
- 2,030
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 62.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Age and the Explanation of Crime. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1086/227905
- The paper
- Hirschi, T., & Gottfredson, M. (1983). Age and the Explanation of Crime. American Journal of Sociology. https://doi.org/10.1086/227905
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.