The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Hierarchical Control and Optimum Firm Size
Abstract
There is a great deal of evidence that almost all organizational structures tend to produce false images in the decision-maker, and that the larger and more authoritarian the organization, the better the chance that its top decision-makers will be operating in purely imaginary worlds. This perhaps is the most fundamental reason for supposing that there are ultimately diminishing returns to scale.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cited by
Public choice: a different approach to the study of public administration
Ostrom, V., & Ostrom, E. (1971) · Public Administration Review · doi:10.2307/974676 · Cited by 454
Evaluation of credit risk based on firm performance
Psillaki, M., Tsolas, I. E., & Margaritis, D. (2010) · European Journal of Operational Research · doi:10.1016/j.ejor.2009.03.032 · Cited by 234
Capital Structure and Default Risk: Evidence from Korean Stock Market
Graduate School, D. U., GUL, S., & CHO, H.-R. (2019) · The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business · doi:10.13106/jafeb.2019.vol6.no2.15 · Cited by 28
Gulati, P., Marchetti, A., & Puranam, P. (2026) · Management Science · doi:10.1287/mnsc.2023.04127 · Cited by 2
Metadata
- Authors
- Williamson, O. E.
- Venue
- Journal of Political Economy
- Publisher
- University of Chicago Press
- Published
- 1967-04
- Volume
- 75
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 123-138
- ISSN
- 0022-3808 (ISSN-L)
- 1537-534X
- OpenAlex
- W1993191426
- Cited by
- 1,043
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 8.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Hierarchical Control and Optimum Firm Size. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1086/259258
- The paper
- Williamson, O. E. (1967). Hierarchical Control and Optimum Firm Size. Journal of Political Economy. https://doi.org/10.1086/259258
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
