Cited by 2,330Animal Behavior and ReproductionNeuroendocrine regulation and behaviorAvian ecology and behavior

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The "Challenge Hypothesis": Theoretical Implications for Patterns of Testosterone Secretion, Mating Systems, and Breeding Strategies

Wingfield, John C., Hegner, Robert E., Dufty,, Alfred M., Ball, Gregory F.·1990·The American Naturalist

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Abstract

A number of investigations in recent years have shown that seasonal profiles of testosterone (T) levels in the blood of male birds breeding under natural condi- tions are highly variable. As a result of the application of field endocrinology techniques (see Wingfield and Farner 1976), the temporal patterns of T secretion in free-living males are now known for over 20 species (from 6 orders and 14 families), representing three mating systems (monogamy, polygyny, and polyan- dry) and several breeding strategies. Results of these studies provide the impetus for an assessment of the potential relationships between T and breeding systems. The concepts emerging from their analysis can serve both as a framework for further investigation of the hormonal mechanisms underlying social behavior of vertebrates in general and as a guide for manipulating social systems to gain new insights into the ultimate cause of different mating strategies. The extent of these differences varies considerably among species (Wingfield 1984a; Wingfield et al. 1987) and raises a number of questions. Why is there so much variation in the temporal patterns of circulating T levels between captive and free-living populations and among species? Are there relationships between temporal patterns of T secretion and mating systems or the breeding strategies of individuals? What are the environmental and genetic determinants of these patterns and their functions? In this article we consider some theoretical approache…

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Authors: Wingfield, J. C., Hegner, R. E., Dufty, & Ball, G. F.
Affiliations: University of Washington (US)
ORCID: Wingfield, John C.
Ball, Gregory F.
Venue: The American Naturalist
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Published: 1990-12
Volume: 136
Issue: 6
Pages: 829-846
ISSN: 0003-0147 (ISSN-L)
1537-5323
DOI: 10.1086/285134
OpenAlex: W2038202625
Cited by: 2,330
References: 38
Citations by year: 2026: 40 · 2025: 48 · 2024: 66 · 2023: 60 · 2022: 75 · 2021: 102 · 2020: 90 · 2019: 108 · 2018: 92 · 2017: 105 · 2016: 113 · 2015: 108 · 2014: 123 · 2013: 129 · 2012: 109
FWCI: 17.14
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: The American Naturalist (publishedVersion)
Scholar Works (Boise State University) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Animal Behavior and Reproduction
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Avian ecology and behavior
Keywords: challenge hypothesis, testosterone secretion, male birds, mating systems, breeding strategies, monogamy, polygyny, polyandry, social behavior, hormonal regulation of behavior

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The "Challenge Hypothesis": Theoretical Implications for Patterns of Testosterone Secretion, Mating Systems, and Breeding Strategies

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