Localization of Artemisinin and Artemisitene in Foliar Tissues of Glanded and Glandless Biotypes of Artemisia annua L.
Abstract
The tissue localization of the antimalarial sesquiterpenoid compound artemisinin in annual wormwood (Artemisia annua L.) was determined by differential extraction of a glanded biotype and through the use of a glandless biotype. A 5-s dip in chloroform extracted 97% of the artemisinin from glanded A. annua leaf tissue. In addition, all of the detectable artemisitene, an artemisinin analog, was extracted. This extraction method caused collapse of the subcuticular space of the capitate glands on the leaf surface, whereas no other damage to the leaf surface was observed with SEM. Light microscopy and TEM revealed that this extraction method, despite causing some organelle structural changes, did not disrupt cell membranes. An A. annua biotype without glands contained neither artemisinin nor artemisitene. These results indicate that artemisinin and artemisitene present in foliar tissue are localized entirely in the subcuticular space of capitate glands of A. annua.
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GLS produces no glandular trichomes and no detectable artemisinin.
“GLS produces no glandular trichomes and no detectable artemisinin (Duke et al. 1994).”
From Enhancing artemisinin content in and delivery from Artemisia annua: a review of alternative, classical, and transgenic approaches (2021) · cites this paper as Duke et al. 1994
Using an A. annua mutant (glandless, GLS) that produces no glandular trichomes and no detectable artemisinin, non-glandular T-trichomes found in this species also produced detectable artemisinin.
“More recently, using an A. annua mutant (glandless, GLS) that produces no glandular trichomes and no detectable artemisinin (Duke et al. 1994), non-glandular T-trichomes found in this species also produced detectable artemisinin (Wang et al. 2016; Judd et al. 2019) as further detailed in Sect. 2.6.”
From Enhancing artemisinin content in and delivery from Artemisia annua: a review of alternative, classical, and transgenic approaches (2021) · cites this paper as Duke et al. 1994
Artemisinin (495) is believed to be localized primarily within the glandular trichomes of A. annua, which are loosely attached to the leaf surface.
“Artemisinin (495) is believed to be localized primarily within the glandular trichomes of A. annua, which are loosely attached to the leaf surface [244].”
From The Biosynthesis of Artemisinin (Qinghaosu) and the Phytochemistry of Artemisia annua L. (Qinghao) (2010) · cites this paper as [244]
Artemisinin production in A. annua is localized in the biseriate glandular trichomes, specialized structures found predominantly on the surface of leaves and flowers.
“There is increasing evidence that artemisinin production in A. annua is localized in the biseriate glandular trichomes: specialized structures, found predominantly on the surface of leaves and flowers [244,325].”
From The Biosynthesis of Artemisinin (Qinghaosu) and the Phytochemistry of Artemisia annua L. (Qinghao) (2010) · cites this paper as [244]
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References 23 · Cited by 252
- Authors
- Duke, M. V., Paul, R. N., Elsohly, H. N., Sturtz, G., & Duke, S. O.
- ORCID
- Duke, Stephen O.
- Venue
- International Journal of Plant Sciences
- Publisher
- University of Chicago Press
- Published
- 1994-05
- Volume
- 155
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 365-372
- ISSN
- 1058-5893 (ISSN-L)
- 1537-5315
- OpenAlex
- W2045037263
- Cited by
- 252
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 0.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Journal of Plant Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Plant biochemistry and biosynthesis
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Sesquiterpenes and Asteraceae Studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Phytochemical compounds biological activities
- Keywords
- artemisinin, Artemisia annua, sesquiterpenes, differential extraction
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