Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 260

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 40 of the 40 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Numerical Models of the Multiphase Interstellar Matter with Stellar Energy Feedback on a Galactic Scale

Open access
Wada, Keiichi, Norman, Colin A.·2001·The Astrophysical Journal
DOI 10.1086/318344
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

High-resolution two-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations for the interstellar matter (ISM) in a galactic disk are enhanced to include explicitly star formation and the feedback effects from supernovae and stellar winds. A globally stable multiphase ISM is formed, in which filamentary and clumpy structure is a characteristic feature. We find a new component of 10 6 -10 8 K gas that is a direct consequence of the energy input from the feedback. The total supernovae rate in the system varies by an order of magnitude over a timescale of 10 6 yr. The evolution of the supernovae rate exhibits chaotic behavior because the star formation is triggered by supernovae explosions in the inhomogeneous interstellar medium. We also find that, in spite of its very complicated spatial structure, the multiphase ISM exhibits a one-point probability density function (pdf) that is a perfect lognormal distribution over four decades in density, 10 2 -10 6 M ☉ pc -2 . The lognormal pdf is very robust even in regions with frequent bursts of supernovae. Low-density regions or cavities (<10 M ☉ pc -2 ), on the other hand, exhibit the normal Gaussian distribution. These characteristic pdf's are achieved over a local dynamical scale. The energy spectra are E ( k ) ∝ k -3 without feedback and E ( k ) ∝ k -2 including stellar energy feedback.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1086/318344

Cites

40 of 40 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 40 references

Cited by

See all 260

Metadata

Authors
Wada, K., & Norman, C. A.
Venue
The Astrophysical Journal
Publisher
American Astronomical Society
Published
2001-01-20
Volume
547
Issue
1
Pages
172-186
ISSN
  • 0004-637X (ISSN-L)
  • 1538-4357
DOI
10.1086/318344
OpenAlex
W2020164402
Cited by
260
References
40
FWCI
15.07
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
bronze

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Numerical Models of the Multiphase Interstellar Matter with Stellar Energy Feedback on a Galactic Scale. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1086/318344
The paper
Wada, K., & Norman, C. A. (2001). Numerical Models of the Multiphase Interstellar Matter with Stellar Energy Feedback on a Galactic Scale. The Astrophysical Journal. https://doi.org/10.1086/318344

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.