Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 5,339

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Liquidity Risk and Expected Stock Returns

Pástor, Ľuboš, Stambaugh, Robert F.·2003·Journal of Political Economy

Abstract

This study investigates whether marketwide liquidity is a state variable important for asset pricing. We find that expected stock returns are related cross‐sectionally to the sensitivities of returns to fluctuations in aggregate liquidity. Our monthly liquidity measure, an average of individual‐stock measures estimated with daily data, relies on the principle that order flow induces greater return reversals when liquidity is lower. From 1966 through 1999, the average return on stocks with high sensitivities to liquidity exceeds that for stocks with low sensitivities by 7.5 percent annually, adjusted for exposures to the market return as well as size, value, and momentum factors. Furthermore, a liquidity risk factor accounts for half of the profits to a momentum strategy over the same 34‐year period.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1086/374184

Cites

2 of 2 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 2 references

Cited by

See all 5,339

Metadata

Authors
Pástor, Ľ., & Stambaugh, R. F.
Venue
Journal of Political Economy
Published
2003-06
Volume
111
Issue
3
Pages
642-685
ISSN
  • 0022-3808 (ISSN-L)
  • 1537-534X
OpenAlex
W3021190191
Cited by
5,339
References
2
FWCI
130.28
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Liquidity Risk and Expected Stock Returns. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1086/374184
The paper
Pástor, Ľ., & Stambaugh, R. F. (2003). Liquidity Risk and Expected Stock Returns. Journal of Political Economy. https://doi.org/10.1086/374184

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.