Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 591

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 28 of the 28 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

A Measurement of the Electromagnetic Luminosity of a Kerr Black Hole

Open access
McKinney, Jonathan C., Gammie, Charles F.·2004·The Astrophysical Journal
DOI 10.1086/422244
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Some active galactic nuclei, microquasars, and gamma-ray bursts may be powered by the electromagnetic braking of a rapidly rotating black hole. We investigate this possibility via axisymmetric numerical simulations of a black hole surrounded by a magnetized plasma. The plasma is described by the equations of general relativistic magnetohydrodynamics, and the effects of radiation are neglected. The evolution is followed for 2000 GM / c 3 , and the computational domain extends from inside the event horizon to typically 40 GM / c 2 . We compare our results to two analytic steady state models, including the force-free magnetosphere of Blandford & Znajek. Along the way we present a self-contained rederivation of the Blandford-Znajek model in Kerr-Schild (horizon penetrating) coordinates. We find that (1) low-density polar regions of the numerical models agree well with the Blandford-Znajek model, (2) many of our models have an outward Poynting flux on the horizon in the Kerr-Schild frame, (3) none of our models have a net outward energy flux on the horizon, and (4) one of our models, in which the initial disk has net magnetic flux, shows a net outward angular momentum flux on the horizon. We conclude with a discussion of the limitations of our model, astrophysical implications, and problems to be addressed by future numerical experiments.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1086/422244

Cites

28 of 28 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 28 references

Cited by

See all 591

Metadata

Authors
McKinney, J. C., & Gammie, C. F.
Venue
The Astrophysical Journal
Publisher
American Astronomical Society
Published
2004-08-20
Volume
611
Issue
2
Pages
977-995
ISSN
  • 0004-637X (ISSN-L)
  • 1538-4357
DOI
10.1086/422244
OpenAlex
W2056108960
Cited by
591
References
28
FWCI
16.54
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
bronze

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: A Measurement of the Electromagnetic Luminosity of a Kerr Black Hole. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1086/422244
The paper
McKinney, J. C., & Gammie, C. F. (2004). A Measurement of the Electromagnetic Luminosity of a Kerr Black Hole. The Astrophysical Journal. https://doi.org/10.1086/422244

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.