Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 687

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 11 of the 11 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Obscured and Unobscured Active Galactic Nuclei in the Spitzer Space Telescope First Look Survey

Open access
Lacy, M., Storrie‐Lombardi, L. J., Sajina, A., Appleton, P. N., Armus, L., Chapman, S. C., Choi, P. I., Fadda, D., Fang, F., Frayer, D. T., Heinrichsen, I., Helou, G., Im, M., Marleau, F. R., Masci, F., Shupe, D. L., Soifer, B. T., Surace, J., Teplitz, H. I., Wilson, G., Yan, L.·2004·The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series

Abstract

Selection of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in the infrared facilitates the discovery of AGNs whose optical emission is extinguished by dust. In this paper, we use the Spitzer Space Telescope First Look Survey (FLS) to assess the fraction of AGNs with mid-infrared (MIR) luminosities that are comparable to quasars and that are missed in optical quasar surveys because of dust obscuration. We begin by using the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) database to identify 54 quasars within the 4 deg^2 extragalactic FLS. These quasars occupy a distinct region in MIR color space by virtue of their strong, red continua. This has allowed us to define an MIR color criterion for selecting AGN candidates. About 2000 FLS objects have colors that are consistent with them being AGNs, but most are much fainter in the MIR than the SDSS quasars, which typically have 8 μm flux densities S_(8.0) ~ 1 mJy. We have investigated the properties of 43 objects with S_(8.0) ≥ 1 mJy that satisfy our AGN color selection. This sample should contain both unobscured quasars as well as AGNs that are absent from the SDSS survey because of extinction in the optical. After removing 16 known quasars, three probable normal quasars, and eight spurious or confused objects from the initial sample of 43, we are left with 16 objects that are likely to be obscured quasars or luminous Seyfert 2 galaxies. This suggests that the numbers of obscured and unobscured AGNs are similar in samples selected in the MIR at S_(8.0) ~ 1 mJy.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1086/422816

Cites

11 of 11 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 11 references

Cited by

See all 687

Metadata

Authors
Lacy, M., Storrie‐Lombardi, L. J., Sajina, A., Appleton, P. N., Armus, L., Chapman, S. C., Choi, P. I., Fadda, D., Fang, F., Frayer, D. T., Heinrichsen, I., Helou, G., Im, M., Marleau, F. R., Masci, F., Shupe, D. L., Soifer, B. T., Surace, J., Teplitz, H. I., Wilson, G., & Yan, L.
Venue
The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series
Published
2004-09
Volume
154
Issue
1
Pages
166-169
ISSN
  • 0067-0049 (ISSN-L)
  • 1538-4365
OpenAlex
W2109104929
Cited by
687
References
11
FWCI
14.77
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
green

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Obscured and Unobscured Active Galactic Nuclei in the Spitzer Space Telescope First Look Survey. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1086/422816
The paper
Lacy, M., Storrie‐Lombardi, L. J., Sajina, A., Appleton, P. N., Armus, L., Chapman, S. C., Choi, P. I., Fadda, D., Fang, F., Frayer, D. T., Heinrichsen, I., Helou, G., Im, M., Marleau, F. R., Masci, F., Shupe, D. L., Soifer, B. T., Surace, J., Teplitz, H. I., . . . Yan, L. (2004). Obscured and Unobscured Active Galactic Nuclei in the Spitzer Space Telescope First Look Survey. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. https://doi.org/10.1086/422816

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.