The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Guns, Youth Violence, and Social Identity in Inner Cities
Open accessAbstract
While youth violence has always been a critical part of delinquency, the modern epidemic is marked by high rates of gun violence. Adolescents in cities possess and carry guns on a large scale, guns are often at the scene of youth violence, and guns often are used. Guns play a central role in initiating, sustaining, and elevating the epidemic of youth violence. The demand for guns among youth was fueled by an "ecology of danger," comprising street gangs, expanding drug markets with high intrinsic levels of violence, high rates of adult violence and fatalities, and cultural styles of gun possession and carrying. Guns became symbols of respect, power, identity, and manhood to a generation of youth, in addition to having strategic value for survival. The relationship between guns and youth violence is complex. The effects of guns are mediated by structural factors that increase the youth demand for guns, the available supply, and culture and scripts which teach kids lethal ways to use guns.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The Role of Juvenile Gangs in Facilitating Delinquent Behavior
THORNBERRY, T. P., KROHN, M. D., LIZOTTE, A. J., & CHARD-WIERSCHEM, D. (1993) · Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency · doi:10.1177/0022427893030001005 · Cited by 650 · cited 3×
“Moreover, "protection" gun ownership often precedes gang involvement, suggesting processes of social or self-selection that anticipate higher rates of delinquency once in the gang (Thornberry et al. 1993).”
Background
Cited by
‘I Wasn't Alone’: Collective Behaviour and Violent Delinquency
McGloin, J. M., & Piquero, A. R. (2009) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology · doi:10.1375/acri.42.3.336 · Cited by 105
The Transmission of Gun and Other Weapon-Involved Violence Within Social Networks
Tracy, M., Braga, A. A., & Papachristos, A. V. (2016) · Epidemiologic Reviews · doi:10.1093/epirev/mxv009 · Cited by 104
Metadata
- Authors
- Fagan, J., & Wilkinson, D. L.
- Venue
- Crime and Justice
- Publisher
- University of Chicago Press
- Published
- 1998-01
- Volume
- 24
- Pages
- 105-188
- ISSN
- 0192-3234 (ISSN-L)
- 2153-0416
- OpenAlex
- W1980289796
- Cited by
- 266
- References
- 1
- FWCI
- 3.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Guns, Youth Violence, and Social Identity in Inner Cities. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1086/449279
- The paper
- Fagan, J., & Wilkinson, D. L. (1998). Guns, Youth Violence, and Social Identity in Inner Cities. Crime and Justice. https://doi.org/10.1086/449279
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
