The DOI matches its Crossref record; 39 of the 39 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Test Anxiety: A Major Educational Problem and What Can Be Done about It
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
A theory of motivation for some classroom experiences
Weiner, B. (1979) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0663.71.1.3 · Cited by 2,453
(2020) · Lectures on Contact 3-Manifolds, Holomorphic Curves and Intersection Theory · doi:10.1017/9781108608954.002 · Cited by 2,257
Anxiety: Current Trends in Theory and Research
Spielberger, C. D. (1972) · Cited by 1,640
The role of expectations and attributions in the alleviation of learned helplessness.
Dweck, C. S. (1975) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0077149 · Cited by 1,315
Test anxiety and direction of attention
Wine, J. (1971) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/h0031332 · Cited by 1,055
A theory of achievement motivation
Atkinson, J. W., & Feather, N. T. (1966) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 917
Revelle, W., Atkinson, J. W., & Raynor, J. O. (1975) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1421673 · Cited by 810
Theories of motivation : from mechanism to cognition
Weiner, B. L. (1972) · Cited by 662
Bolles, R. C. (1967) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 610
Anxiety in Elementary School Children
McCandless, B. R., Sarason, S., Davidson, K. S., Lighthall, F. F., Waite, R. E., & Ruebush, B. K. (1967) · American Educational Research Journal · doi:10.2307/1161622 · Cited by 504
Cited by
Motivational and self-regulated learning components of classroom academic performance.
Pintrich, P. R., & De Groot, E. V. (1990) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0663.82.1.33 · Cited by 8,332
The Role of Goal Orientation in Self-Regulated Learning
Pintrich, P. R. (2000) · Handbook of Self-Regulation · doi:10.1016/b978-012109890-2/50043-3 · Cited by 5,173
Correlates, Causes, Effects, and Treatment of Test Anxiety
Hembree, R. (1988) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.3102/00346543058001047 · Cited by 1,723
The Impact of Classroom Evaluation Practices on Students
Crooks, T. J. (1988) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.3102/00346543058004438 · Cited by 1,369
Pekrun, R., Elliot, A. J., & Maier, M. A. (2009) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0013383 · Cited by 1,255
Metadata
- Authors
- Hill, K. T., & Wigfield, A.
- Venue
- The Elementary School Journal
- Publisher
- University of Chicago Press
- Published
- 1984-09
- Volume
- 85
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 105-126
- ISSN
- 0013-5984 (ISSN-L)
- 1554-8279
- OpenAlex
- W2151528098
- Cited by
- 286
- References
- 39
- FWCI
- 2.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Test Anxiety: A Major Educational Problem and What Can Be Done about It. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1086/461395
- The paper
- Hill, K. T., & Wigfield, A. (1984). Test Anxiety: A Major Educational Problem and What Can Be Done about It. The Elementary School Journal. https://doi.org/10.1086/461395
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.