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An International Outbreak of Salmonella Infections Caused by Alfalfa Sprouts Grown from Contaminated Seeds
Open accessAbstract
An outbreak of Salmonella serotype stanley infections occurred in the United States and Finland in 1995. The outbreak was investigated through case-control studies in Arizona, Michigan, and Finland; by isolate subtyping; and by tracing and culturing of the implicated food. Alfalfa sprout consumption was the only exposure associated with S. stanley infections in Arizona (matched odds ratio [MOR] = 11.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4-513), Michigan (MOR = 5.5; CI, 1.6-23), and Finland (MOR undefined; CI, 4.9-infinity). US and Finnish patient isolates were a unique outbreak strain distinct from S. stanley isolates not linked to the outbreak. Alfalfa sprouts eaten by patients in 6 US states and Finland were traced to seed shipped by a Dutch shipper. Thus, it was concluded that alfalfa sprouts grown from contaminated seed caused an international outbreak of > or =242 S. stanley infections in > or =17 US states and Finland. This outbreak illustrates a new mechanism through which contamination of fresh produce can cause large, widely dispersed outbreaks.
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Citations
Cited by
Epidemiology of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Outbreaks, United States, 1982–2002
Rangel, J. M., Sparling, P. H., Crowe, C., Griffin, P. M., & Swerdlow, D. L. (2005) · Emerging Infectious Diseases · doi:10.3201/eid1104.040739 · Cited by 1,263
Self-citationEcological factors influencing survival and growth of human pathogens on raw fruits and vegetables
Beuchat, L. R. (2002) · Microbes and Infection · doi:10.1016/s1286-4579(02)01555-1 · Cited by 934
Fresh fruit and vegetables as vehicles for the transmission of human pathogens
Berger, C. N., Sodha, S. V., Shaw, R. K., Griffin, P. M., Pink, D., Hand, P., & Frankel, G. (2010) · Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2010.02297.x · Cited by 889
Self-citationAlegbeleye, O. O., Singleton, I., & Sant’Ana, A. S. (2018) · Food Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.fm.2018.01.003 · Cited by 616
Michino, H., Araki, K., Minami, S., Takaya, S., Sakai, N., Miyazaki, M., Ono, A., & Yanagawa, H. (1999) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a010082 · Cited by 508
Metadata
- Authors
- Mahon, B. E., Pöunkä, A., Hall, W. N., Komatsu, K., Dietrich, S. E., Siitonen, A., Cage, G., Hayes, P. S., Lambert‐Fair, M. A., Bean, N. H., Griffin, P. M., & Slutsker, L.
- Venue
- The Journal of Infectious Diseases
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1997-04
- Volume
- 175
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 876-882
- ISSN
- 0022-1899 (ISSN-L)
- 1537-6613
- OpenAlex
- W2127102422
- Cited by
- 327
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 31.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
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- Mahon, B. E., Pöunkä, A., Hall, W. N., Komatsu, K., Dietrich, S. E., Siitonen, A., Cage, G., Hayes, P. S., Lambert‐Fair, M. A., Bean, N. H., Griffin, P. M., & Slutsker, L. (1997). An International Outbreak of Salmonella Infections Caused by Alfalfa Sprouts Grown from Contaminated Seeds. The Journal of Infectious Diseases. https://doi.org/10.1086/513985
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