The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Transmission of Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever: A Study of Risk Factors in Family Members, Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1995
Abstract
The surviving members of 27 households in which someone had been infected with Ebola virus were interviewed in order to define the modes of transmission of Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF). Of 173 household contacts of the primary cases, 28 (16%) developed EHF. All secondary cases had direct physical contact with the ill person (rate ratio [RR], undefined; P < .001), and among those with direct contact, exposure to body fluids conferred additional risk (RR, 3.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.9-6.8). After adjusting for direct contact and exposure to body fluids, adult family members, those who touched the cadaver, and those who were exposed during the late hospital phase were at additional risk. None of the 78 household members who had no physical contact with the case during the clinical illness were infected (upper 95% CI, 4%). EHF is transmitted principally by direct physical contact with an ill person or their body fluids during the later stages of illness.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cited by
Ebola virus disease in West Africa—the first 9 months of the epidemic and forward projections
WHO Ebola Response Team (2014) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1411100 · Cited by 1,674
Merler, S., Ajelli, M., Fumanelli, L., Gomes, M. F. C., Piontti, A. P. Y., Rossi, L., Chao, D. L., Longini, I. M., Halloran, M. E., & Vespignani, A. (2015) · The Lancet Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(14)71074-6 · Cited by 275
Multidistrict outbreak of Marburg virus disease-Uganda, 2012
Knust, B., Schafer, I. J., Wamala, J., Nyakarahuka, L., Okot, C., Shoemaker, T., Dodd, K., Gibbons, A., Balinandi, S., Tumusiime, A., et al. (2015) · Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/jiv351 · Cited by 56
Self-citationSerosurvey on Household Contacts of Marburg Hemorrhagic Fever Patients
Borchert, M., Mulangu, S., Swanepoel, R., Libande, M. L., Tshomba, A., Kulidri, A., Muyembe-Tamfum, J.-J., & Van der Stuyft, P. (2006) · Emerging Infectious Diseases · doi:10.3201/eid1203.050622 · Cited by 35
Pavlin, B. I. (2014) · BMC Research Notes · doi:10.1186/1756-0500-7-906 · Cited by 24
Metadata
- Authors
- Dowell, S. F., Mukunu, R., Ksiazek, T. G., Khan, A. S., Rollin, P. E., Peters, C. J., & the Commission de Lutte contre les Epidémies à Kikwit
- Venue
- The Journal of Infectious Diseases
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1999-02
- Volume
- 179
- Issue
- s1
- Pages
- S87-S91
- ISSN
- 0022-1899 (ISSN-L)
- 1537-6613
- OpenAlex
- W2163081652
- Cited by
- 398
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 5.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Transmission of Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever: A Study of Risk Factors in Family Members, Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1995. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1086/514284
- The paper
- Dowell, S. F., Mukunu, R., Ksiazek, T. G., Khan, A. S., Rollin, P. E., Peters, C. J., & the Commission de Lutte contre les Epidémies à Kikwit. (1999). Transmission of Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever: A Study of Risk Factors in Family Members, Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1995. The Journal of Infectious Diseases. https://doi.org/10.1086/514284
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
