Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 409

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 28 of the 28 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The Reaction of Consumer Spending and Debt to Tax Rebates—Evidence from Consumer Credit Data

Agarwal, Sumit, Liu, Chunlin, Souleles, Nicholas S.·2007·Journal of Political Economy

Abstract

We use a new panel data set of credit card accounts to analyze how consumers responded to the 2001 federal income tax rebates. We estimate the monthly response of credit card payments, spending, and debt, exploiting the unique, randomized timing of the rebate disbursement. We find that, on average, consumers initially saved some of the rebate, by increasing their credit card payments and thereby paying down debt. But soon afterward their spending increased, counter to the permanent income model. Spending rose most for consumers who were initially most likely to be liquidity constrained, whereas debt declined most (so saving rose most) for unconstrained consumers.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1086/528721

Cites

28 of 28 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 28 references

Cited by

See all 409

Metadata

Authors
Agarwal, S., Liu, C., & Souleles, N. S.
Venue
Journal of Political Economy
Published
2007-12
Volume
115
Issue
6
Pages
986-1019
ISSN
  • 0022-3808 (ISSN-L)
  • 1537-534X
OpenAlex
W3125133885
Cited by
409
References
28
FWCI
50.46
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The Reaction of Consumer Spending and Debt to Tax Rebates—Evidence from Consumer Credit Data. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1086/528721
The paper
Agarwal, S., Liu, C., & Souleles, N. S. (2007). The Reaction of Consumer Spending and Debt to Tax Rebates—Evidence from Consumer Credit Data. Journal of Political Economy. https://doi.org/10.1086/528721

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.