Flow Properties of Expiration and Inspiration in a Trained Bottle-Nosed Porpoise
Abstract
The flow characteristics of both expiration and inspiration were determined in a trained, 285-kg bottle-nosed porpoise. The largest tidal volume measured was 26.4 liters. For purposes of scaling we assumed this to be vital capacity (VC). The maximum peak expiratory flow rate measured was 6.1 VC·sec⁻¹. The maximum peak inspiratory flow rate was 2.1 VC·sec⁻¹. The time required for a complete expiration was about 0.3 sec. The flow rates of both expiration and inspiration remain near their maximum for nearly all of the VC. We conclude that these properties of the ventilation maneuver are important in achieving adequate turnover of lung gases during the short period that the blowhole is above water as the porpoise passes through the air/water interface when it is up to cruising speed.
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Explosive exhalation allows cetaceans and manatees to renew ~90% of the air in a single breath, and is advantageous for fully aquatic mammals by clearing the blowhole/nostrils before inhaling and by minimizing time at the surface, where wave drag slows swimming.
“The so-called “explosive exhalation” allows cetaceans and manatees to renew ~90% of the air in a single breath51, and is advantageous for fully aquatic mammals by clearing the blowhole/nostrils before inhaling and by minimizing time at the surface, where wave drag slows swimming52.”
From A genomics approach reveals insights into the importance of gene losses for mammalian adaptations (2018) · cites this paper as [52]
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A genomics approach reveals insights into the importance of gene losses for mammalian adaptations
Sharma, V., Hecker, N., Roscito, J. G., Foerster, L., Langer, B. E., & Hiller, M. (2018) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-018-03667-1 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
- Authors
- Kooyman, G. L., & Cornell, L. H.
- ORCID
- Kooyman, G. L.
- Venue
- Physiological Zoology
- Publisher
- University of Chicago Press
- Published
- 1981-01
- Volume
- 54
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 55-61
- ISSN
- 0031-935X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2277368056
- Cited by
- 68
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 1.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Physiological Zoology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Marine animal studies overview
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Physiological and biochemical adaptations
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Cardiovascular and Diving-Related Complications
- Keywords
- porpoises, peak expiratory flow, peak inspiratory flow rate, tidal volume, vital capacity, air-water interface, pulmonary gas exchange, respiratory physiology, cetaceans
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