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BROKEN AND UNBROKEN: THE MILKY WAY AND M31 STELLAR HALOS
Open accessAbstract
We use the Bullock & Johnston suite of simulations to study the density profiles of L *-type galaxy stellar halos. Observations of the Milky Way and M31 stellar halos show contrasting results: the Milky Way has a "broken" profile, where the density falls off more rapidly beyond ∼25 kpc, while M31 has a smooth profile out to 100 kpc with no obvious break. Simulated stellar halos, built solely by the accretion of dwarf galaxies, also exhibit this behavior: some halos have breaks, while others do not. The presence or absence of a break in the stellar halo profile can be related to the accretion history of the galaxy. We find that a break radius is strongly related to the buildup of stars at apocenters. We relate these findings to observations, and find that the "break" in the Milky Way density profile is likely associated with a relatively early (∼6–9 Gyr ago) and massive accretion event. In contrast, the absence of a break in the M31 stellar halo profile suggests that its accreted satellites have a wide range of apocenters. Hence, it is likely that M31 has had a much more prolonged accretion history than the Milky Way.
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“Several authors, including Watkins et al. (2009) and Deason et al. (2013), have reported the presence of a break in the density profile of the Galactic stellar halo at a distance of ∼20-25 kpc from the Galactic center.”
From Streams, Substructures, and the Early History of the Milky Way (2020) · cites this paper as Deason et al. (2013)
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Contini, E., Spavone, M., Ragusa, R., Iodice, E., & Yi, S. K. (2026) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202557921
Stellar Populations in the Extreme Outer Halo of the Spiral Galaxy M96
Mihos, J. C., Durrell, P. R., Malkan, B. K., & Watkins, A. E. (2026) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ae3fa2
Thomas, G. F. (2017) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/ec81075ez0b76z41adzb34dza930cf69d154
Probing galactic growth with low surface brightness (LSB) data from deep imaging surveys
Sola, E. (2023) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/c03459f6z8feez4c3dzaba6ze65ac73c08ad
The Epoch of the GSE Merger: Insights from the Splash and Thick-disk Age Distributions
鲁, S. 思. L., Huang, Y., Feng, Q., & Zhang, H. (2026) · The Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ae853d
Metadata
- Authors
- Deason, A. J., Belokurov, V., Evans, N. W., & Johnston, K. V.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Santa Cruz (US)
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- Columbia University (US)
- Venue
- The Astrophysical Journal
- Publisher
- American Astronomical Society
- Published
- 2013-01-16
- Volume
- 763
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 113
- ISSN
- 0004-637X (ISSN-L)
- 1538-4357
- OpenAlex
- W1985952501
- Cited by
- 184
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 9
- FWCI
- 8.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- The Astrophysical Journal (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- Durham Research Online (Durham University) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NAS 526555)
- Space Telescope Science Institute (NAS5- 26555, 26555)
- Science and Technology Facilities Council (ST/H00243X/1, ST/F00723X/1, ST/K000985/1, ST/J001538/1)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations
- Keywords
- Milky Way stellar halo, dwarf galaxy accretion, accretion history, N-body simulations, satellite galaxies
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