The DOI matches its Crossref record; 49 of the 49 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
ANDROMEDA'S DUST
Open accessAbstract
Spitzer Space Telescope and Herschel Space Observatory imaging of M31 is used, with a physical dust model, to construct maps of dust surface density, dust-to-gas ratio, starlight heating intensity, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) abundance, out to R ≈ 25 kpc. The global dust mass is M d = 5.4 × 10 7 M ☉ , the global dust/H mass ratio is M d / M H = 0.0081, and the global PAH abundance is 〈 q PAH 〉 = 0.039. The dust surface density has an inner ring at R = 5.6 kpc, a maximum at R = 11.2 kpc, and an outer ring at R ≈ 15.1 kpc. The dust/gas ratio varies from M d / M H ≈ 0.026 at the center to ∼0.0027 at R ≈ 25 kpc. From the dust/gas ratio, we estimate the interstellar medium metallicity to vary by a factor ∼10, from Z / Z ☉ ≈ 3 at R = 0 to ∼0.3 at R = 25 kpc. The dust heating rate parameter 〈 U 〉 peaks at the center, with 〈 U 〉 ≈ 35, declining to 〈 U 〉 ≈ 0.25 at R = 20 kpc. Within the central kiloparsec, the starlight heating intensity inferred from the dust modeling is close to what is estimated from the stars in the bulge. The PAH abundance reaches a peak q PAH ≈ 0.045 at R ≈ 11.2 kpc. When allowance is made for the different spectrum of the bulge stars, q PAH for the dust in the central kiloparsec is similar to the overall value of q PAH in the disk. The silicate–graphite–PAH dust model used here is generally able to reproduce the observed dust spectral energy distribution across M31, but overpredicts 500 μm emission at R ≈ 2–6 kpc, suggesting that at R = 2–6 kpc, the dust opacity varies more steeply with frequency (with β ≈ 2.3 between 200 and 600 μm) than in the model.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) for the Spitzer Space Telescope
Fazio, G. G., Hora, J. L., Allen, L. E., Ashby, M. L. N., Barmby, P., Deutsch, L. K., Huang, J. ‐., Kleiner, S., Marengo, M., Megeath, S. T., et al. (2004) · The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series · doi:10.1086/422843 · Cited by 3,318
Herschel Space Observatory: An ESA facility for far-infrared and submillimetre astronomy
Pilbratt, G. L., Riedinger, J. R., Passvogel, T., Crone, G., Doyle, D., Gageur, U., Heras, A. M., Jewell, C., Metcalfe, L., Ott, S., et al. (2010) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201014759 · Cited by 3,180
The Spitzer Space Telescope Mission
Werner, M. W., Roellig, T. L., Low, F. J., Rieke, G. H., Rieke, M., Hoffmann, W. F., Young, E., Houck, J. R., Brandl, B., Fazio, G. G., et al. (2004) · The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series · doi:10.1086/422992 · Cited by 2,851
Weingartner, J. C., & Draine, B. T. (2001) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/318651 · Cited by 2,599
Self-citationDraine, B. T. (2003) · Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1146/annurev.astro.41.011802.094840 · Cited by 2,389
Self-citationThe Photodetector Array Camera and Spectrometer (PACS) on the Herschel Space Observatory
Poglitsch, A., Waelkens, C., Geis, N., Feuchtgruber, H., Vandenbussche, B., Rodriguez, L., Krause, O., Renotte, E., van Hoof, C., Saraceno, P., et al. (2010) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201014535 · Cited by 2,215
Self-citationThe Herschel-SPIRE instrument and its in-flight performance
Griffin, M. J., Abergel, A., Abreu, A., Ade, P. A. R., André, P., Augueres, J.-L., Babbedge, T., Bae, Y., Baillie, T., Baluteau, J.-P., et al. (2010) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201014519 · Cited by 2,198
The CO-to-H2 Conversion Factor
Bolatto, A. D., Wolfire, M., & Leroy, A. K. (2013) · Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1146/annurev-astro-082812-140944 · Cited by 2,167
Self-citationDraine, B. T., & Li, A. (2007) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/511055 · Cited by 2,122
Self-citationThe Multiband Imaging Photometer for Spitzer (MIPS)
Rieke, G. H., Young, E. T., Engelbracht, C. W., Kelly, D. M., Low, F. J., Haller, E. E., Beeman, J. W., Gordon, K. D., Stansberry, J. A., Misselt, K. A., et al. (2004) · The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series · doi:10.1086/422717 · Cited by 2,044
Cited by
The Cosmic Baryon and Metal Cycles
Péroux, C., & Howk, J. C. (2020) · Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1146/annurev-astro-021820-120014 · Cited by 322
Lewis, A. R., Dolphin, A. E., Dalcanton, J. J., Weisz, D. R., Williams, B. F., Bell, E. F., Seth, A. C., Simones, J. E., Skillman, E. D., Choi, Y., et al. (2015) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/805/2/183 · Cited by 132
Self-citationDalcanton, J. J., Fouesneau, M., Hogg, D. W., Lang, D., Leroy, A. K., Gordon, K. D., Sandstrom, K., Weisz, D. R., Williams, B. F., Bell, E. F., et al. (2015) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/814/1/3 · Cited by 97
Self-citationViaene, S., Baes, M., Tamm, A., Tempel, E., Bendo, G., Blommaert, J. A. D. L., Boquien, M., Boselli, A., Camps, P., Cooray, A., et al. (2017) · Astronomy & Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201629251 · Cited by 79
A GLOBAL STAR-FORMING EPISODE IN M31 2–4 GYR AGO
Williams, B. F., Dalcanton, J. J., Dolphin, A. E., Weisz, D. R., Lewis, A. R., Lang, D., Bell, E. F., Boyer, M., Fouesneau, M., Gilbert, K. M., et al. (2015) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/806/1/48 · Cited by 41
Metadata
- Authors
- Draine, B. T., Aniano, G., Krause, O., Groves, B., Sandstrom, K., Braun, R., Leroy, A., Klaas, U., Linz, H., Rix, H.-W., Schinnerer, E., Schmiedeke, A., & Walter, F.
- Venue
- The Astrophysical Journal
- Publisher
- American Astronomical Society
- Published
- 2013-12-23
- Volume
- 780
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 172
- ISSN
- 0004-637X (ISSN-L)
- 1538-4357
- OpenAlex
- W2027604185
- Cited by
- 462
- References
- 49
- FWCI
- 10.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: ANDROMEDA'S DUST. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1088/0004-637x/780/2/172
- The paper
- Draine, B. T., Aniano, G., Krause, O., Groves, B., Sandstrom, K., Braun, R., Leroy, A., Klaas, U., Linz, H., Rix, H.-W., Schinnerer, E., Schmiedeke, A., & Walter, F. (2013). ANDROMEDA'S DUST. The Astrophysical Journal. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/780/2/172
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
