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CANDELS: THE COSMIC ASSEMBLY NEAR-INFRARED DEEP EXTRAGALACTIC LEGACY SURVEY
Open accessAbstract
The Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey (CANDELS) is designed to document the first third of galactic evolution, over the approximate redshift ( z ) range 8–1.5. It will image >250,000 distant galaxies using three separate cameras on the Hubble Space Telescope , from the mid-ultraviolet to the near-infrared, and will find and measure Type Ia supernovae at z > 1.5 to test their accuracy as standardizable candles for cosmology. Five premier multi-wavelength sky regions are selected, each with extensive ancillary data. The use of five widely separated fields mitigates cosmic variance and yields statistically robust and complete samples of galaxies down to a stellar mass of 10 9 M ☉ to z ≈ 2, reaching the knee of the ultraviolet luminosity function of galaxies to z ≈ 8. The survey covers approximately 800 arcmin 2 and is divided into two parts. The CANDELS/Deep survey (5σ point-source limit H = 27.7 mag) covers ∼125 arcmin 2 within Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey (GOODS)-N and GOODS-S. The CANDELS/Wide survey includes GOODS and three additional fields (Extended Groth Strip, COSMOS, and Ultra-deep Survey) and covers the full area to a 5σ point-source limit of H ≳ 27.0 mag. Together with the Hubble Ultra Deep Fields, the strategy creates a three-tiered "wedding-cake" approach that has proven efficient for extragalactic surveys. Data from the survey are nonproprietary and are useful for a wide variety of science investigations. In this paper, we describe the basic motivations for the survey, the CANDELS team science goals and the resulting observational requirements, the field selection and geometry, and the observing design. The Hubble data processing and products are described in a companion paper.
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Cites
Observational Evidence from Supernovae for an Accelerating Universe and a Cosmological Constant
Riess, A. G., Filippenko, A. V., Challis, P., Clocchiatti, A., Diercks, A., Garnavich, P. M., Gilliland, R. L., Hogan, C. J., Jha, S., Kirshner, R. P., et al. (1998) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1086/300499 · Cited by 19,704
Self-citationMeasurements of Ω and Λ from 42 High‐Redshift Supernovae
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Self-citationRiess, A. G., Strolger, L., Tonry, J., Casertano, S., Ferguson, H. C., Mobasher, B., Challis, P., Filippenko, A. V., Jha, S., Li, W., et al. (2004) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/383612 · Cited by 4,315 · cited 2×
“HST and ACS have played a unique role in the ongoing investigation of dark energy by enabling the discovery of 23 SNe Ia at z > 1, beyond the reach of ground-based telescopes (Riess et al. 2004, 2007).”
InfluentialSelf-citationRiess, A. G., Strolger, L., Casertano, S., Ferguson, H. C., Mobasher, B., Gold, B., Challis, P. J., Filippenko, A. V., Jha, S., Li, W., et al. (2007) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/510378 · Cited by 1,758 · cited 2×
“HST and ACS have played a unique role in the ongoing investigation of dark energy by enabling the discovery of 23 SNe Ia at z > 1, beyond the reach of ground-based telescopes (Riess et al. 2004, 2007).”
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Cited by
THE AVERAGE STAR FORMATION HISTORIES OF GALAXIES IN DARK MATTER HALOS FROM z = 0-8
Behroozi, P. S., Wechsler, R. H., & Conroy, C. (2013) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/770/1/57 · Cited by 2,167
Self-citationUniverseMachine: The correlation between galaxy growth and dark matter halo assembly from z = 0−10
Behroozi, P., Wechsler, R. H., Hearin, A. P., & Conroy, C. (2019) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stz1182 · Cited by 1,243
Self-citationCONSTRAINING THE LOW-MASS SLOPE OF THE STAR FORMATION SEQUENCE AT 0.5 <z< 2.5
Whitaker, K. E., Franx, M., Leja, J., van Dokkum, P. G., Henry, A., Skelton, R. E., Fumagalli, M., Momcheva, I. G., Brammer, G. B., Labbé, I., et al. (2014) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/795/2/104 · Cited by 854
THE KMOS3DSURVEY: DESIGN, FIRST RESULTS, AND THE EVOLUTION OF GALAXY KINEMATICS FROM 0.7 ⩽z⩽ 2.7
Wisnioski, E., Förster Schreiber, N. M., Wuyts, S., Wuyts, E., Bandara, K., Wilman, D., Genzel, R., Bender, R., Davies, R., Fossati, M., et al. (2015) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/799/2/209 · Cited by 580
Self-citationTomczak, A. R., Quadri, R. F., Tran, K.-V. H., Labbé, I., Straatman, C. M. S., Papovich, C., Glazebrook, K., Allen, R., Brammer, G. B., Kacprzak, G. G., et al. (2014) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/783/2/85 · Cited by 466
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Metadata
- Authors
- Grogin, N. A., Kocevski, D. D., Faber, S. M., Ferguson, H. C., Koekemoer, A. M., Riess, A. G., Acquaviva, V., Alexander, D. M., Almaini, O., Ashby, M. L. N., Barden, M., Bell, E. F., Bournaud, F., Brown, T. M., Caputi, K. I., Casertano, S., Cassata, P., Castellano, M., Challis, P., Chary, R.-R., Cheung, E., Cirasuolo, M., Conselice, C. J., Cooray, A. R., Croton, D. J., Daddi, E., Dahlen, T., Davé, R., de Mello, D. F., Dekel, A., Dickinson, M., Dolch, T., Donley, J. L., Dunlop, J. S., Dutton, A. A., Elbaz, D., Fazio, G. G., Filippenko, A. V., Finkelstein, S. L., Fontana, A., Gardner, J. P., Garnavich, P. M., Gawiser, E., Giavalisco, M., Grazian, A., Guo, Y., Hathi, N. P., Häussler, B., Hopkins, P. F., Huang, J.-S., Huang, K.-H., Jha, S. W., Kartaltepe, J. S., Kirshner, R. P., Koo, D. C., Lai, K., Lee, K.-S., Li, W., Lotz, J. M., Lucas, R. A., Madau, P., McCarthy, P. J., McGrath, E. J., McIntosh, D. H., McLure, R. J., Mobasher, B., Moustakas, L. A., Mozena, M., Nandra, K., Newman, J. A., Niemi, S.-M., Noeske, K. G., Papovich, C. J., Pentericci, L., Pope, A., Primack, J. R., Rajan, A., Ravindranath, S., Reddy, N. A., Renzini, A., Rix, H.-W., Robaina, A. R., Rodney, S. A., Rosario, D. J., Rosati, P., Salimbeni, S., Scarlata, C., Siana, B., Simard, L., Smidt, J., Somerville, R. S., Spinrad, H., Straughn, A. N., Strolger, L.-G., Telford, O., Teplitz, H. I., Trump, J. R., van der Wel, A., Villforth, C., Wechsler, R. H., Weiner, B. J., Wiklind, T., Wild, V., Wilson, G., Wuyts, S., Yan, H.-J., & Yun, M. S.
- Venue
- The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series
- Publisher
- American Astronomical Society
- Published
- 2011-12-01
- Volume
- 197
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 35
- ISSN
- 0067-0049 (ISSN-L)
- 1538-4365
- OpenAlex
- W2155705849
- Cited by
- 2,133
- References
- 4
- FWCI
- 59.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
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- Grogin, N. A., Kocevski, D. D., Faber, S. M., Ferguson, H. C., Koekemoer, A. M., Riess, A. G., Acquaviva, V., Alexander, D. M., Almaini, O., Ashby, M. L. N., Barden, M., Bell, E. F., Bournaud, F., Brown, T. M., Caputi, K. I., Casertano, S., Cassata, P., Castellano, M., Challis, P., . . . Yun, M. S. (2011). CANDELS: THE COSMIC ASSEMBLY NEAR-INFRARED DEEP EXTRAGALACTIC LEGACY SURVEY. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. https://doi.org/10.1088/0067-0049/197/2/35
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