Classical N-particle cosmology in 2+1 dimensions
Open accessAbstract
In 2+1 dimensional cosmology particles are topological defects in a universe that is nearly everywhere flat. The author uses a time dependent triangulation procedure of space to formulate the laws of evolution and to construct the phase space of this system. A theorem is derived from which it follows that many configurations may have a big bang in their past or a big crunch in their future. The dimensionality of phase space for N particles is 4N-11+12g, where g is the genus of 2-space. This suggests to consider 2N-6+6g pairs of canonical variables and one time variable. The quantum version of this model is speculated about.
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The first discrete formulation designed explicitly for 2+1 dimensions was developed by 't Hooft et al.
“The first discrete formulation designed explicitly for 2 + 1 dimensions was developed by’ t Hooft et al. [250, 252, 253, 124, 274, 156].”
From Quantum Gravity in 2 + 1 Dimensions: The Case of a Closed Universe (2005) · cites this paper as [252]
Cites
2 + 1 dimensional gravity as an exactly soluble system
Witten, E. (1988) · Nuclear Physics B · doi:10.1016/0550-3213(88)90143-5 · Cited by 2,562 · see citing works
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Quantum Gravity in 2 + 1 Dimensions: The Case of a Closed Universe
Carlip, S. (2005) · Living Reviews in Relativity · doi:10.12942/lrr-2005-1 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
- Authors
- 'tHooft, G.
- Venue
- Classical and Quantum Gravity
- Publisher
- IOP Publishing
- Published
- 1993-12-01
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- S
- Pages
- S79-S91
- ISSN
- 0264-9381 (ISSN-L)
- 1361-6382
- OpenAlex
- W2147672876
- Cited by
- 27
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2017: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 2
- FWCI
- 1.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Licence
- other-oa
- Locations
- Classical and Quantum Gravity (publishedVersion)
- Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Statistical and Nonlinear Physics › Noncommutative and Quantum Gravity Theories
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Black Holes and Theoretical Physics
- Keywords
- topological defects, triangulation, phase space, Big Bang, Big Crunch, canonical variables, quantum cosmology
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