Spacetime singularities in (2 1)-dimensional quantum gravity
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The effects of spacetime quantization on black-hole and big-bang/big-crunch singularities can be studied using new tools from (2 + 1)-dimensional quantum gravity. I investigate effects of spacetime quantization on the singularities of the (2 + 1)-dimensional BTZ black hole and the (2 + 1)-dimensional torus universe. Hosoya has considered the BTZ black hole, and using a 'quantum-generalized affine parameter' (QGAP), has shown that, for some specific paths, quantum effects 'smear' the singularity. Using generic Gaussian wavefunctions, I show that both the BTZ black hole and the torus universe contain families of paths that still reach the singularities with finite QGAPs, suggesting that singularities persist in quantum gravity. More realistic calculations, using modular-invariant wavefunctions of Carlip and Nelson for the torus universe, further support this conclusion.
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Minassian demonstrated that quantum fluctuations do not push singularities off to infinity, and that several classically singular (2+1)-dimensional quantum spacetimes also have singular quantum b-boundaries.
“On the other hand, Minassian has recently demonstrated [202] that quantum fluctuations do not “push singularities off to infinity” (as suggested in [158]), and that several classically singular (2 + 1)-dimensional quantum spacetimes also have singular “quantum b-boundaries”.”
From Quantum Gravity in 2 + 1 Dimensions: The Case of a Closed Universe (2005) · cites this paper as [202]
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Research works printed but not linked: 16
- Hawking S W and Ellis G F R 1973 The Large Scale Structure of Space-Time (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press)
- Wald R M 1984 General Relativity (Chicago: University of Chicago Press)
- Joshi P S 1993 Global Aspects in Gravitation and Cosmology (Oxford: Clarendon)
- Chandrasekhar S 1992 The Mathematical Theory of Black Holes (Oxford: Oxford University Press)
- Kramer D, Stephani H, MacCallum M and Herlt E 1980 Exact Solutions of Einstein's Field Equations (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press)
- Hawking S W and Penrose R 1970 Proc. R. Soc. A 314 529
- Earman J 1995 Bangs, Crunches, Whimpers, and Shrieks: Singularities and Acausalities in Relativistic Spacetimes (Oxford: Oxford University Press)
- Clarke C J S 1993 The Analysis of Space-Time Singularities (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press)
- Carlip S 1998 Quantum Gravity in 2 + 1 Dimensions (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press)
- Carlip S 1995 Lectures on (2 + 1)-dimensional gravity Davis Preprints gr-qc/9503024 · arXiv
- Hosoya A and Oda I 1996 Black hole singularity and generalized quantum affine parameter Preprint gr-qc/ 9605069
- Oda I 1997 Quantum instability of black hole singularity in three dimensions Preprint gr-qc/9703056 · arXiv
- Geroch R and Horowitz G T 1979 General Relativity: An Einstein Centenary Survey ed S W Hawking and W Israel (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press)
- Brown J D 1988 Lower Dimensional Gravity (Singapore: World Scientific)
- Arnowitt R, Deser S and Misner C W 1962 Gravitation: An Introduction to Current Research ed L Witten (New York: Wiley)
- For example, see chapter 2 in Hawking S W and Penrose R 1996 The Nature of Space and Time (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press)
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Quantum Gravity in 2 + 1 Dimensions: The Case of a Closed Universe
Carlip, S. (2005) · Living Reviews in Relativity · doi:10.12942/lrr-2005-1 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
- Authors
- Minassian, E.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Davis (US)
- Corresponding author
- Minassian, Eric
- Venue
- Classical and Quantum Gravity
- Publisher
- IOP Publishing
- Published
- 2002-11-08
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 23
- Pages
- 5877-5900
- ISSN
- 0264-9381 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2081837217
- Cited by
- 2
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 0.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Classical and Quantum Gravity (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Energy (FG0391ER40674)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Statistical and Nonlinear Physics › Noncommutative and Quantum Gravity Theories
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Black Holes and Theoretical Physics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Relativity and Gravitational Theory
- Keywords
- spacetime singularities, quantum gravity, three-dimensional gravity, BTZ black hole, initial singularity, big crunch singularity, spacetime quantization, Gaussian wave functions, singularity resolution
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