The energy and momentum of the Universe
Open accessAbstract
The Einstein$-$Cartan$-$Sciama$-$Kibble theory of gravity naturally extends general relativity to include quantum-mechanical, intrinsic angular momentum of matter by equipping spacetime with torsion. Using the Einstein energy$-$momentum pseudotensor for the gravitational field in this theory, we show that the energy and momentum of the closed Universe are equal to zero. Since the positive energy from mass and motion of the observed matter in the Universe exceeds in magnitude the negative energy from gravity, the Universe must contain another form of matter whose energy is negative. This form, which cannot be composed from particles, might be the observed dark matter.
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Quantum effects in the presence of an extremely strong gravitational field cause an intense particle production, which creates an enormous amount of mass without changing the total energy (matter plus gravitational field) in the black hole.
“Quantum effects in the presence of an extremely strong gravitational field cause an intense particle production, which creates an enormous amount of mass (Parker 1968(Parker , 1969;;Zel'dovich 1970;Parker 1971aParker , 1971b;;Zel'dovich & Starobinskii 1977) without changing the total energy (matter plus gravitational field) in the black hole (Popławski 2014).”
From UNIVERSE IN A BLACK HOLE IN EINSTEIN–CARTAN GRAVITY (2016) · cites this paper as Popławski 2014
This scenario could also explain the arrow of time and the black hole information paradox.
“This scenario could also explain the arrow of time and the black hole information paradox (Popławski 2010c(Popławski , 2011a(Popławski , 2014)).”
From UNIVERSE IN A BLACK HOLE IN EINSTEIN–CARTAN GRAVITY (2016) · cites this paper as Popławski 2014
Particle production does not change the total energy and momentum of the matter and gravitational field in the universe.
“Particle production does not change the total energy and momentum of the matter and gravitational field in the universe (Popławski 2014).”
From UNIVERSE IN A BLACK HOLE IN EINSTEIN–CARTAN GRAVITY (2016) · cites this paper as Popławski 2014
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Cites
Cosmology with torsion: An alternative to cosmic inflation
Popławski, N. J. (2010) · Physics Letters B · doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2010.09.056 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Self-citationNonsingular, big-bounce cosmology from spinor-torsion coupling
Popławski, N. (2012) · Physical Review D · doi:10.1103/physrevd.85.107502 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
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Research works printed but not linked: 6
- [1]N. Popglyph[suppress] lawski, arXiv:1304.0047 (2013). · arXiv
- [2]T. W. B. Kibble, J. Math. Phys. 2 , 212 (1961); D. W. Sciama, Recent Developments in General Relativity , p. 415 (Pergamon, 1962); Rev. Mod. Phys. 36 , 463 (1964); Rev. Mod. Phys. 36 , 1103 (1964); F. W. Hehl and B. K. Datta, J. Math. Phys. 12 , 1334 (1971); F. W. Hehl, Phys. Lett. A 36 , 225 (1971); Gen. Relativ. Gravit. 4 , 333 (1973); Gen. Relativ. Gravit. 5 , 491 (1974); F. W. Hehl, P. von der Heyde, G. D. Kerlick, and J. M. Nester, Rev. Mod. Phys. 48 , 393 (1976); V. de Sabbata and M. Gasperini, Introduction to Gravitation (World Scientific, 1985); V. de Sabbata and C. Sivaram, Spin and Torsion in Gravitation (World Scientific, 1994).
- [3]E. A. Lord, Tensors, Relativity and Cosmology (McGraw-Hill, 1976).
- [7]N. J. Popglyph[suppress] lawski, arXiv:0911.0334 (2009). · arXiv
- [9]E. Schr¨ odinger, Space-time Structure (Cambridge University Press, 1954).
- [15]L. S. Sparke and J. S. Gallagher, Galaxies in the Universe (Cambridge University Press, 2000).
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UNIVERSE IN A BLACK HOLE IN EINSTEIN–CARTAN GRAVITY
Popławski, N. (2016) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/0004-637x/832/2/96 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Self-citationA nonsingular, anisotropic universe in a black hole with torsion and particle production
Popławski, N. J. (2021) · General Relativity and Gravitation · doi:10.1007/s10714-021-02790-7 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Popławski, N. J.
- Corresponding author
- Popławski, Nikodem J
- ORCID
- Popławski, Nikodem J
- Venue
- Classical and Quantum Gravity
- Publisher
- IOP Publishing
- Published
- 2014-02-24
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 065005
- ISSN
- 0264-9381 (ISSN-L)
- 1361-6382
- OpenAlex
- W1804386439
- Cited by
- 23
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 9
- FWCI
- 2.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- arxiv.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Classical and Quantum Gravity (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Relativity and Gravitational Theory
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Advanced Differential Geometry Research
- Keywords
- Einstein-Cartan theory, torsion, negative energy, dark matter, quantum gravity, cosmology
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