Causality in (2+1)-dimensional gravity
Open accessAbstract
A method is presented to characterize fully the evolution of an arbitrary set of spinless particles in (unquantized) (2+1)-dimensional gravity theory. The method produces a complete series of time ordered Cauchy surfaces, which are being triangulated. By construction, closed timelike curves never arise, even if the initial conditions contain a Gott pair. In particular the author's construction shows that the configuration proposed by Carrol et al. (1992) in which a Gott pair is formed in a closed universe, nevertheless does not admit closed timelike curves; this universe has a finite lifetime, ending in a 'big crunch'.
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The first discrete formulation designed explicitly for 2+1 dimensions was developed by 't Hooft et al.
“The first discrete formulation designed explicitly for 2 + 1 dimensions was developed by’ t Hooft et al. [250, 252, 253, 124, 274, 156].”
From Quantum Gravity in 2 + 1 Dimensions: The Case of a Closed Universe (2005) · cites this paper as [250]
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Quantum Gravity in 2 + 1 Dimensions: The Case of a Closed Universe
Carlip, S. (2005) · Living Reviews in Relativity · doi:10.12942/lrr-2005-1 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Dittrich, B., & Höhn, P. A. (2012) · Classical and Quantum Gravity · doi:10.1088/0264-9381/29/11/115009 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
- Authors
- Hooft, G. '.
- Affiliations
- Utrecht University (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Hooft, G 't
- ORCID
- Hooft, G 't
- Venue
- Classical and Quantum Gravity
- Publisher
- IOP Publishing
- Published
- 1992-05-01
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1335-1348
- ISSN
- 0264-9381 (ISSN-L)
- 1361-6382
- OpenAlex
- W2050257851
- Cited by
- 80
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 4 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 10.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Licence
- other-oa
- Locations
- Classical and Quantum Gravity (publishedVersion)
- Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Relativity and Gravitational Theory
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Black Holes and Theoretical Physics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
- Keywords
- three-dimensional gravity, causality, closed timelike curves, Cauchy surfaces, spinless particles, closed universe, Big Crunch, finite lifetime
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