Phytochemical screening and spectrum profile of functional group from Banana (Musa paradisiaca L.) stem waste extract using Fourier-transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy method

Abstract

Banana (Musa paradisiaca L.) is plant that contain secondary metabolites compounds such as tannins and flavanoids. Tannins and flavanoids have various properties for human health. Research had been conducted to identify secondary metabolite compounds (tannins, flavanoids, and saponins) with phytochemical screening methods and to look at the spectrum profile of the functional group found in the waste extract of banana stem. The waste of banana stem extracted with 96% ethanol. From the obtained extract, evaporation and phytochemical screening were carried; consecutively. From the screening results, tannin compounds were characterized by a greenish-black result, and flavanoids created a deep red color. Saponins were expressed negatively because the formed foam had a height of 0.3 cm and did not meet the requirements of saponins expression (foam height 1-3 cm and stable for 5 minutes). After that, the identification of the functional group found in the banana stem waste extract was carried out using Fourier-transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Banana stem waste obtained the form of compound function clusters supported by o-H bound absorption data in the area of 3284.91 cm-1, c = O in the area of 1643.06 cm-1, bend CH 2 in the area 1409.25 cm-1, and C-C in the area 1078.56 cm-1.