The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Orbital angular momentum with topologically controlled beam sizes
Abstract
Laser beams carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM), so-called vortex beams, are highly topical forms of light, having found a myriad of applications across diverse fields. The usual approach to their creation, either internal or external to lasers, imbues them with a size that scales with the topological charge, for an ever larger ring of light. Here we show that this need not be the case, demonstrating arbitrary topologically controlled beam sizes, from maintaining an OAM-independent size to exotic functional dependence. We use the opportunity to highlight inconsistencies in prior studies where OAM and size have been conflated for erroneous conclusions, and provide a framework for overcoming this.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source doesn’t support the claim as written.
In the citing paper
“Consequently, higher-order skyrmions must have a larger spatial extent due the ℓ-dependent scaling of the underlying LG modes (81).”
From Topological robustness of optical skyrmions through a real-world free-space link (2026) · cites this paper as [81]
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“This means that higher-order topologies experienced stronger turbulence strengths, due to the inherent scaling of LG transverse beam size with OAM (81).”
From Topological robustness of optical skyrmions through a real-world free-space link (2026) · cites this paper as [81]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
No references could be resolved yet.
Research works printed but not linked: 25
- Allen, 1992, Phys. Rev. A, 45, 8185, 10.1103/PhysRevA.45.8185 · DOI · Paper page
- Mair, 2001, Nature, 412, 313, 10.1038/35085529 · DOI · Paper page
- Padgett, 2017, Opt. Express, 25, 11265, 10.1364/OE.25.011265 · DOI
- Shen, 2019, Light Sci. Appl., 8, 1, 10.1038/s41377-019-0194-2 · DOI · Paper page
- Franke-Arnold, 2022, Nat. Rev. Phys., 4, 361, 10.1038/s42254-022-00467-x · DOI
- Wang, 2022, Nanophotonics, 11, 645, 10.1515/nanoph-2021-0527 · DOI
- He, 2022, Light Sci. Appl., 11, 1, 10.1038/s41377-022-00897-3 · DOI
- Erhard, 2018, Light Sci. Appl., 7, 17111, 10.1038/lsa.2017.146 · DOI
- Forbes, 2021, Nat. Photon., 15, 253, 10.1038/s41566-021-00780-4 · DOI
- Forbes, 2024, Nat. Rev. Phys., 6, 352, 10.1038/s42254-024-00715-2 · DOI
- Franke-Arnold, 2017, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A, 375, 10.1098/rsta.2015.0435 · DOI
- Willner, 2017, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A, 375, 10.1098/rsta.2015.0439 · DOI
- Krenn, 2017, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A, 375, 10.1098/rsta.2015.0442 · DOI
- Padgett, 2011, Nat. Photon., 5, 343, 10.1038/nphoton.2011.81 · DOI
- Peters, 2025, Adv. Opt. Photonics, 17, 113, 10.1364/AOP.538883 · DOI
- Anguita, 2008, Appl. Opt., 47, 2414, 10.1364/AO.47.002414 · DOI · Paper page
- Doster, 2016, Appl. Opt., 55, 10239, 10.1364/AO.55.010239 · DOI
- Kirilenko, 2017, Comparison of propagation of vortex and non-vortex laser beams in a random medium, Proc. SPIE, 10342, 83, 10.1117/12.2270658 · DOI
- Ferlic, 2021, J. Opt. Soc. Am. A, 38, 1423, 10.1364/JOSAA.432607 · DOI
- Klug, 2021, New J. Phys., 23, 10.1088/1367-2630/ac1fca · DOI
- Cheng, 2025, Light: Sci. Appl., 14, 4, 10.1038/s41377-024-01665-1 · DOI
- Willner, 2021, Appl. Phys. Rev., 8, 10.1063/5.0054885 · DOI
- Ostrovsky, 2013, Opt. Lett., 38, 534, 10.1364/OL.38.000534 · DOI
- Zhang, 2025, Opt. Laser Technol., 184, 10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.112478 · DOI
- Karimi, 2007, Opt. Lett., 32, 3053, 10.1364/OL.32.003053 · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Topological robustness of optical skyrmions through a real-world free-space link
Peters, C., Hakobyan, V., Drozdov, A., Brasselet, E., Cox, M., & Forbes, A. (2026) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.aee2671 · Cited by 11
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Cocotos, V., & Forbes, A.
- Venue
- Journal of Optics
- Publisher
- IOP Publishing
- Published
- 2025-07-01
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 07LT01
- ISSN
- 2040-8978
- 2040-8986
- Cited by
- 9
- References
- 0
- Licence
- Funders
- SA QuTI and the CSIR Rental Pool Programme
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review