On evidence for negative energies and masses in the Dirac equation through a unitary time-reversal operator
Open accessAbstract
We review the standards of relativistic quantum mechanics such as the Dirac equation under the concept of negative masses. We show that negative energies are acceptable provided the masses are simultaneously negative. Negative energy and mass anti-fermions are obtained from positive energy and mass fermions through a unitary PT transformation.
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The presented equations perfectly agree with corresponding classical equations describing the momentum and spin dynamics, and the agreement also takes place for a spin-1 particle with MDM and EDM.
“The presented equations perfectly agree with corresponding classical equations describing the momentum and spin dynamics [12,90]. The agreement takes also place for a spin-1 particle with MDM and EDM [12,32].”
From <i>Zitterbewegung</i> of massless particles (2022) · cites this paper as [90]
Section 3 discusses momentum and spin under a unitary PT transformation, but does not compare the paper’s equations with classical equations of momentum and spin dynamics. Searches for classical agreement and for a spin-1 particle with MDM and EDM found no passage addressing either claim; page numbers were unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.76)
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Ryder, L. H. (1996) · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511813900 · Cited by 1,281 · see citing works
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<i>Zitterbewegung</i> of massless particles
Silenko, A. J. (2022) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.105.062211 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
- Authors
- Debergh, N., Petit, J.-P., & D’Agostini, G.
- Affiliations
- Haute École Charlemagne (BE)
- Corresponding author
- Debergh, N
- Petit, J-P
- D’Agostini, G
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Physics Communications
- Publisher
- IOP Publishing
- Published
- 2018-11-14
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 115012
- ISSN
- 2399-6528 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2962990454
- Cited by
- 24
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 0.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Physics Communications (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum and Classical Electrodynamics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Relativity and Gravitational Theory
- Keywords
- Dirac equation, negative energy states, negative mass, antiparticles, relativistic quantum mechanics
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