The DOI matches its Crossref record; 17 of the 17 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Presence and Reality Judgment in Virtual Environments: A Unitary Construct?
Abstract
Presence and reality judgment are two important variables to take into account in the virtual reality field. So far, scientific literature has paid (and pays) attention to the construct of presence, trying to offer assessment measures that could seize such an elusive concept. However, the concept of reality judgment has received less attention, and, frequently, it has been subsumed into the concept of presence. Not much effort has been dedicated to test whether or not both constructs refer to the same domain. Most likely there are relationships between both variables, but it is also possible that they have differentiated domains. The aim of the present work is to design a self-report measure that assesses both constructs, and to carry out the validation process with Spanish and North American samples.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“In addition, the P-ARET offers the possibility of interacting with the animals, which can respond immediately and naturally to the behaviour of the patients, thus increasing the sense of presence and the judgement of reality, important key characteristics of virtual environments.58”
From Effectiveness of a projection-based augmented reality exposure system in treating cockroach phobia: Study protocol of a randomised controlled trial (2023) · cites this paper as [58]
Citations
Cites
Measuring Presence in Virtual Environments: A Presence Questionnaire
Witmer, B. G., & Singer, M. J. (1998) · Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments · doi:10.1162/105474698565686 · Cited by 6,371
Defining virtual reality: Dimensions determining telepresence
Steuer, J. (1992) · Journal of Communication · doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1992.tb00812.x · Cited by 5,459
Being There: The Subjective Experience of Presence
Heeter, C. (1992) · PRESENCE Virtual and Augmented Reality · doi:10.1162/pres.1992.1.2.262 · Cited by 1,457
Restrained and unrestrained eating1
Herman, C. P., & Mack, D. (1975) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1975.tb00727.x · Cited by 1,295
Communication in the age of virtual reality
Biocca, F., & Levy, M. R. (1995) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781410603128 · Cited by 576
Fear of spiders’ questionnaire
Szymanski, J., & O'Donohue, W. (1995) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0005-7916(94)00072-t · Cited by 450
Virtual reality and tactile augmentation in the treatment of spider phobia: a case report
Carlin, A. S., Hoffman, H. G., & Weghorst, S. J. (1997) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(96)00085-x · Cited by 442
Defining virtual reality: dimensions determining telepresence
Steuer, J. (1995) · Cited by 295
Virtual reality treatment of claustrophobia: a case report
Botella, C., Baños, R. M., Perpiñá, C., Villa, H., Alcañiz, M., & Rey, A. (1998) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(97)10006-7 · Cited by 247
Self-citationBeing There: The Subjective Experience of Presence.
Heater, C. (1992) · Cited by 230
The Experience of a Sense of Presence in Intercultural and International Encounters
Fontaine, G. (1992) · PRESENCE Virtual and Augmented Reality · doi:10.1162/pres.1992.1.4.482 · Cited by 132
Perpiñá, C., Botella, C., Baños, R., Marco, J. H., Alcañíz, M., & Quero, S. (1999) · CyberPsychology & Behavior · doi:10.1089/cpb.1999.2.149 · Cited by 99
Self-citationShapiro, M. A., & McDonald, D. G. (1992) · Journal of Communication · doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1992.tb00813.x · Cited by 94
Baños, R., Botella, C., García‐Palacios, A., Villa, H., Perpiñá, C., & Gallardo, M. E. (1999) · CyberPsychology & Behavior · doi:10.1089/cpb.1999.2.143 · Cited by 89
Self-citationBASIC ISSUES IN THE USE OF VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS FOR MENTAL HEALTH APPLICATIONS
Rizzo, A., Mark, W., & Galen, B. J. (1998) · Studies in health technology and informatics · doi:10.3233/978-1-60750-902-8-21 · Cited by 88
McInnes, S. J. (2001) · Zoologischer Anzeiger · doi:10.1078/0044-5231-00055 · Cited by 54
Virtual Reality and Psychopathology
BAÑOS, R. M., BOTELLA, C., & PERPIÑÁ, C. (1999) · CyberPsychology & Behavior · doi:10.1089/cpb.1999.2.283 · Cited by 45
Self-citation
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Cipresso, P., Giglioli, I. A. C., Alcañíz, M., & Riva, G. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02086 · Cited by 1,318
Immersion and Emotion: Their Impact on the Sense of Presence
Baños, R., Botella, C., Alcañíz, M., Liaño, V., Guerrero, B., & Solaz, B. R. (2004) · CyberPsychology & Behavior · doi:10.1089/cpb.2004.7.734 · Cited by 661
Self-citationFan, X., Jiang, X., & Deng, N. (2022) · Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2022.104534 · Cited by 586
A Survey of Presence and Related Concepts
Skarbez, R., Brooks, F. P., & Whitton, M. C. (2017) · ACM Computing Surveys · doi:10.1145/3134301 · Cited by 571
Using Presence Questionnaires in Virtual Reality
Schwind, V., Knierim, P., Haas, N., & Henze, N. (2019) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3290605.3300590 · Cited by 434
Metadata
- Authors
- Baños, R. M., Botella, C., Garcia-Palacios, A., Villa, H., Perpiña, C., & Alcañiz, M.
- Affiliations
- Universitat de València (ES)
- Universitat Jaume I (ES)
- Universitat Jaume 1 de Castellón, Spain
- Universitat Politècnica de València, Spain
- Venue
- CyberPsychology & Behavior
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2000-06
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 327-335
- ISSN
- 1094-9313 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-8364
- OpenAlex
- W2076245146
- Cited by
- 254
- References
- 17
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 1.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- CyberPsychology & Behavior (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Flow Experience in Various Fields
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Social Robot Interaction and HRI
- Keywords
- presence, reality judgment, virtual reality, construct validity, self-report measures, cross-cultural validation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
