Advanced Glycation Endproducts as Biomarkers for Risk of Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases by Skin Autofluorescence: A Noninvasive Optical Screening
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this research is to study skin autofluorescence and the associations between skin glycated proteins and clinical characteristics of healthy and unhealthy subjects for noninvasive screening of diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks. Background data: Accumulated advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) promote increased oxidative stress and inflammation, as well as cross-linking of proteins leading to tissue damage and several diseases, including diabetes. Materials and methods: One hundred and four subjects with or without diabetes and stroke aged 20-80 years and with Fitzpatrick skin type (I to IV) participated in this study. The fluorescence spectrometer was used to illuminate a skin surface of 1 cm 2 . The skin of forearm was positioned on the spectrometer to assess skin AGEs. Anthropometric data and body composition also were evaluated. Results: Elevated skin autofluorescence was found in subjects >50 years old, as well as in patients with insulin resistance (IR), diabetes, and stroke. There was a positive correlation between the skin autofluorescence and age ( r = 0.7, p = 0.0001), body mass index (BMI) ( r = 0.5, p = 0.001), body fat ( r = 0.5, p = 0.0001), waist circumference ( r = 0.45, p = 0.001), and systolic blood pressure (BP) ( r = 0.45, p = 0.0001). Conclusions: Elevated skin autofluorescence can provide a noninvasive screening of diabetes and CVD risks.
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Studies from 2019 suggest an age-related increase in skin AF, pentosidine levels, and total amount of AGEs.
“studies from 2019 suggest an age-related increase in skin AF, pentosidine levels and total amount of AGEs [141,170,171]”
From Protein oxidation - Formation mechanisms, detection and relevance as biomarkers in human diseases (2021) · cites this paper as [171]
Skin autofluorescence is higher in diabetes patients than in groups aged <50 years.
“| >Aging (and Diabetes) | Skin | Age groups: group 20–30 years, n = 18group 30–40 years, n = 10group 40–50 years, n = 14group 50–60 years, n = 12group >60 years, n = 11diabetes group, n = 13 | Skin AF | Skin AF increases with ageHigher skin AF in diabetes patients compared to groups aged <50 years | [171] |”
From Protein oxidation - Formation mechanisms, detection and relevance as biomarkers in human diseases (2021) · cites this paper as [171]
Skin autofluorescence increases with age.
“| >Aging (and Diabetes) | Skin | Age groups: group 20–30 years, n = 18group 30–40 years, n = 10group 40–50 years, n = 14group 50–60 years, n = 12group >60 years, n = 11diabetes group, n = 13 | Skin AF | Skin AF increases with ageHigher skin AF in diabetes patients compared to groups aged <50 years | [171] |”
From Protein oxidation - Formation mechanisms, detection and relevance as biomarkers in human diseases (2021) · cites this paper as [171]
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References 25 · Cited by 23
- Authors
- Paolillo, F. R., Mattos, V. S., Borghi-Silva, A., Bagnato, V. S., & de Castro Neto, J. C.
- Affiliations
- Universidade de São Paulo (BR)
- Cardiopulmonary Physiotherapy Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, Brazil.
- Optics Group from São Carlos Institute of Physics (IFSC), University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos, Brazil.
- Corresponding author
- Paolillo, Fernanda Rossi
- Venue
- Photobiomodulation, Photomedicine, and Laser Surgery
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2019-03
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 168-174
- ISSN
- 2578-5478 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2917085291
- Cited by
- 23
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 1.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Photobiomodulation Photomedicine and Laser Surgery (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Clinical Biochemistry › Advanced Glycation End Products research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Skin Diseases and Diabetes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Keywords
- advanced glycation end products, skin autofluorescence, diabetes risk, cardiovascular risk, non-invasive screening, insulin resistance, stroke, body mass index, fat mass, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, aging, Fitzpatrick skin type
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Diabetes Mellitus, Humans, Middle Aged, Skin, Spectrometry, Fluorescence, Biomarkers, Case-Control Studies, Glycation End Products, Advanced, Oxidative Stress, Stroke, Young Adult, Optical Imaging
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