Seroprevalence of some vector-borne infections of dogs in Hungary
Open accessAbstract
The first comprehensive study on the prevalence of canine vector-borne pathogens (Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Borrelia burgdorferi, Ehrlichia canis, and Dirofilaria immitis) was carried in Hungary because, except for babesiosis and dirofilariosis caused by Dirofilaria repens, there were no data on their regional distribution and prevalence. In 2011 and 2012, 1305 blood samples were collected from randomly selected, apparently healthy pet dogs in 167 localities of 19 counties of Hungary. All sera samples from dogs were screened for simultaneous qualitative detection of circulating antibodies to E. canis and B. burgdorferi sensu lato and A. phagocytophilum and D. immitis antigen using SNAP(®) 4Dx (IDEXX Laboratories). Overall, 170 dogs (13.0%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 11-15) were serologically positive to one or more of the tested pathogens. A. phagocytophilum was the most prevalent pathogen detected in 102 dogs by antibody titers (7.9%, 95% CI 6.5-9.5), followed by D. immitis (2.4%, 95% CI 1.0-4.0, n=64) and B. burgdorferi (0.4%, 95% CI 0.0-1.1, n=11) out of 1305 tested dogs. The least prevalent infection was with E. canis, with only two positive dogs (0.16%, 95% CI 0.03-0.6). Co-infection was found in eight dogs (0.61%, 95% CI 0.29-1.21), of which seven were seropositive to two pathogens (five with A. phagocytophilum and D. immitis, two with A. phagocytophilum and B. burgdorferi). One dog was serologically positive to three pathogens (A. phagocytophilum, B. burgdorferi, and D. immitis). Purebred and crossbred animals did not show significantly different levels of seropositivity. There was no significant association between the gender and the results of diagnostic testing. Logistic regression analysis showed a higher chance of seropositivity in the older dogs.
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In Hungary, the first autochthonous case was detected in 2009, and studies showed low-moderate prevalence between 0.36 and 8.1%, co-infections with D. repens (3.2%), and high prevalence (51%) in Szeged.
“In Hungary, where the first autochthonous case was detected in 2009 [109], the number of epidemiological studies has increased considerably. There are studies that showed low-moderate prevalence between 0.36 and 8.1% [110,111,112,113] and co-infections with D. repens (3.2%) [111], while a high prevalence (51%) was reported in Szeged, a city close to Serbia and Romania [114].”
From What has happened to heartworm disease in Europe in the last 10 years? (2022) · cites this paper as [111]
The prevalence of D. immitis in this study (11.3%) is higher than that found in earlier serological and retrospective surveys.
“The prevalence of D. immitis obtained in this study is higher (11.3%) than that found in earlier serological (Farkas et al. 2014) and retrospective surveys based on the necropsy records of 2622 dogs (Bacsadi et al., 2016), indicating that the number of infected dogs has been increasing in the country.”
From The current situation of canine dirofilariosis in Hungary (2020) · cites this paper as Farkas et al. 2014
Consistent with the data collected in the present study, the incidence and geographical distribution of heartworm disease in Hungarian dogs have risen since 2012.
“Likewise, consistent with the data collected in the present study, the incidence and geographical distribution of heartworm disease in Hungarian dogs have risen since 2012 [29].”
From The Incidence of Dirofilaria immitis in Shelter Dogs and Mosquitoes in Austria (2021) · cites this paper as [29]
The number of reported cases of heartworm disease in Hungarian dogs has risen since 2012, and the geographic distribution of D. immitis has disseminated from a few cases in the south of the country to the whole of eastern and central Hungary.
“It is noteworthy that not only has the number of reported cases of heartworm disease in Hungarian dogs risen since 2012, but also the geographic distribution of D. immitis has disseminated from a few cases in the south of the country to the whole of eastern and central Hungary (Farkas et al. 2014).”
From Current trends in canine dirofilariosis in Austria-do we face a pre-endemic status? (2020) · cites this paper as Farkas et al. 2014
Since that time, examinations of dogs, red foxes, golden jackals, and one ferret revealed that D. immitis is endemic in Hungary, and the Great Hungarian Plain is hyperendemic.
“Since that time, the examinations of dogs [120,125,126,127,128], red foxes, golden jackals (Canis aureus) [129], and one ferret (Mustela furo) [130] revealed that D. immitis is endemic in the country, and the Great Hungarian Plain is hyperendemic”
From Dirofilaria spp. and Angiostrongylus vasorum: current risk of spreading in Central and Northern Europe. (2021) · cites this paper as [125]
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References 32 · Cited by 48
- Authors
- Farkas, R., Gyurkovszky, M., Lukács, Z., Aladics, B., & Solymosi, N.
- Affiliations
- Szent István University
- Magyar Agrár- és Élettudományi Egyetem (HU)
- Bayer Hungaria Kft
- ORCID
- Solymosi, Norbert
- Venue
- Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2014-04
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 256-260
- ISSN
- 1530-3667 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-7759
- PMC
- PMC3993034
- OpenAlex
- W2330431153
- Cited by
- 48
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 5
- FWCI
- 3.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- European Commission (261504)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Parasitology › Vector-borne infectious diseases
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Parasitology › Bartonella species infections research
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Vector-Borne Animal Diseases
- Keywords
- seroprevalence, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Borrelia burgdorferi, Ehrlichia canis, Dirofilaria immitis, co-infection, dogs, Hungary, antibody titers
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Antibodies, Bacterial, Dirofilaria immitis, Dirofilariasis, Dog Diseases, Dogs, Female, Geography, Hungary, Lyme Disease, Male, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Ehrlichiosis, Borrelia burgdorferi, Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Coinfection
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