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Infantile Amnesia in Human and Nonhuman Animals
Abstract
Infantile amnesia was a term first used by Freud over 100 years ago to refer to that period very early in an organism's life when memories that are formed tend to be short-lived or become inaccessible after a relatively short time frame. Although defined slightly differently by species, this unique memory phenomenon occurs in humans and nonhumans alike. This chapter examines the behavioral and cognitive factors in infantile amnesia in both human and nonhuman animal populations.
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“A key development was the demonstration that infantile amnesia is not restricted to human infants; rather, it is a biologically determined developmental milestone demonstrated in rats (102) and other altricial species (103, 104).”
From The Stress Acceleration Hypothesis of Nightmares (2017) · cites this paper as [104]
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The Stress Acceleration Hypothesis of Nightmares
Nielsen, T. (2017) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2017.00201 · Cited by 63
The elusive engram: what can infantile amnesia tell us about memory?
Callaghan, B. L., Li, S., & Richardson, R. (2014) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2013.10.007 · Cited by 51
Adults who are more anxious and were anxiously attached as children report later first memories
Harmon‐Jones, S. K., & Richardson, R. (2021) · British Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjop.12543 · Cited by 2
Pirani, A. (2025) · Geriatrics · doi:10.3390/geriatrics10010020 · Cited by 1
“The IA is present in all the other mammalian brains, to different extents [64,65].”
How Does Children’s Memory Work?
Ibbotson, P., & Open University (2025) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009591287.013
Metadata
- Authors
- Howe, M. L.
- Corresponding author
- Howe, Mark L.
- ORCID
- Howe, Mark L.
- Venue
- The Nature of Early Memory
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press
- Published
- 2011-04-06
- Pages
- 47-66
- OpenAlex
- W2493742244
- Cited by
- 7
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2021: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 1.37
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Oxford University Press eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
- Keywords
- infantile amnesia, memory development, early childhood memories, non-human animals, animal cognition, memory accessibility
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