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The Couple and Family Discord Model of Depression
Abstract
This chapter presents the couple and family discord model of depression (CFDM), an expanded and updated version of the marital discord model that is relevant to a diverse range of families. The chapter describes the association of depression with problems in marital/romantic relationships and in parenting relationships, and it reviews research on longitudinal studies and clinical intervention as opportunities to test key theoretical propositions. Using recent research on the taxometrics of marital discord, potential guidelines for clinical application are presented. This chapter also expands the CFDM to include consideration of genetic moderation of intervention effects, including “context amplification” in the presence of DRD4 and moderation of treatment effects attributable to variation in the 5HTTLPR. Likewise, the chapter reviews recent data regarding epigenetic modification in response to childhood experiences, and it suggests that this may be an important mechanism for future investigation.
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“discord in intimate relationships poses a significant risk for depression [58, 59] and, to some degree, anxiety [60].”
From Trajectories of Maternal and Paternal Internalizing Symptoms from Pregnancy to 2 Years Postpartum: Identifying Modifiable Risk and Protective Factors (2024) · cites this paper as [58]
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Lovesick: How Couples’ Relationships Influence Health
Kiecolt‐Glaser, J. K., & Wilson, S. J. (2017) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032816-045111 · Cited by 550
“22:595–604 Schulz R, Beach SR, Hebert RS, Martire LM, Monin JK, et al. 2009.”
InfluentialWestrupp, E. M., Bennett, C., Berkowitz, T. S., Youssef, G. J., Toumbourou, J. W., Tucker, R., Andrews, F. J., Evans, S., Teague, S. J., Karantzas, G. C., et al. (2021) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-021-01861-z · Cited by 271
“There is a wealth of evidence to suggest that strengthening family relationships not only attenuates the negative effects of external stressors and vulnerabilities on relationship outcomes [64], but also can aide in reducing parent and child mental health symptoms [65].”
BackgroundKiecolt‐Glaser, J. K., Wilson, S. J., Bailey, M. T., Andridge, R., Peng, J., Jaremka, L. M., Fagundes, C. P., Malarkey, W. B., Laskowski, B. F., & Belury, M. A. (2018) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.08.007 · Cited by 163
“These depression-related findings are relevant to the current study: unhappy marriages are a potent risk factor for depression (Beach, 2014).”
Intimate Relationships and Depression: Searching for Causation in the Sea of Association
Whisman, M. A., Sbarra, D. A., & Beach, S. R. H. (2021) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081219-103323 · Cited by 104
Self-citationKiecolt‐Glaser, J. K., Jaremka, L. M., Andridge, R., Peng, J., Habash, D., Fagundes, C. P., Glaser, R., Malarkey, W. B., & Belury, M. A. (2014) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.11.018 · Cited by 75
Metadata
- Authors
- Beach, S. R. H.
- Affiliations
- University of Georgia (US)
- Corresponding author
- Beach, Steven R. H.
- ORCID
- Beach, Steven R. H.
- Venue
- Interpersonal Relationships and Health
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press
- Published
- 2014-06-03
- Pages
- 133-155
- OpenAlex
- W2480556233
- Cited by
- 53
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 1 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 8.18
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Oxford University Press eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- marital conflict, romantic relationships, parental relationships, DRD4, 5-HTTLPR, epigenetic modifications, childhood experiences, depression treatment, family relationships
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