The DOI matches its Crossref record.
The looping effects of human kinds
Abstract
This chapter argues that today's understanding of causal processes in human affairs relies crucially on concepts of ‘human kinds’ which are a product of the modern social sciences, with their concern for classification, quantification, and intervention. Child abuse, homosexuality, teenage pregnancy, and multiple personality are examples of such recently established human kinds. What distinguishes human kinds from ‘natural kinds’, is that they have specific ‘looping effects’. By coming into existence through social scientists' classifications, human kinds change the people thus classified.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cited by
The Politics of Life Itself: Biomedicine, Power, and Subjectivity in the Twenty-First Century
Rose, N. (2007) · doi:10.1515/9781400827503 · Cited by 3,294
Chapter 3 : Identity as an Analytic Lens for Research in Education
Gee, J. P. (2000) · Review of Research in Education · doi:10.3102/0091732x025001099 · Cited by 2,727
An Engine, Not a Camera: How Financial Models Shape Markets
MacKenzie, D. (2006) · doi:10.7551/mitpress/9780262134606.001.0001 · Cited by 1,766
Genetic risk and the birth of the somatic individual
Novas, C., & Rose, N. (2000) · Economy and Society · doi:10.1080/03085140050174750 · Cited by 747
The cognitive foundations of cultural stability and diversity
Sperber, D., & Hirschfeld, L. A. (2004) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2003.11.002 · Cited by 624
Metadata
- Authors
- Hacking, I.
- Venue
- Causal Cognition
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press
- Published
- 1996-07-11
- Pages
- 351-383
- OpenAlex
- W2491265506
- Cited by
- 954
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 23.69
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The looping effects of human kinds. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198524021.003.0012
- The paper
- Hacking, I. (1996). The looping effects of human kinds. Causal Cognition. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof%3Aoso/9780198524021.003.0012
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
