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‘If you are my brother, I may give you a dime!’ Public opinion on multiculturalism, trust, and the welfare state
Abstract
This chapter examines two central questions: how widespread is public support for multiculturalism policies? and what is the impact of the adoption of MCPs on public support for the welfare state? In so doing, it seeks to ask whether countries with stronger MCPs have seen an erosion in public support for redistribution, in comparison with countries with low levels of MCPs. These issues are examined by analysing responses to opinion surveys which attitudes about multiculturalism, interpersonal trust, and support for the welfare state among the publics of Western democracies. The analysis finds no evidence for the view that adopting MCPs erodes trust, solidarity or public support for the welfare state.
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“Despite the pessimistic claims of some of the earliest proponents of the progressive ' s dilemma, it is now clear that there is no inherent or universal tendency for multiculturalism to drive down solidarity.”
From Solidarity in diverse societies: beyond neoliberal multiculturalism and welfare chauvinism (2015) · cites this paper as Crepaz 2006
In the citing paper
“Crossnational studies show that countries which have gone farther down the road of embracing multiculturalism policies have on average fared as well as other countries in maintaining social spending, in maintaining public support for redistributive programs, and in maintaining attitudes of inclusive solidarity (Banting & Kymlicka, 2006, (in press;) Brady & Finnigan 2014; Kesler & Bloem”
From Solidarity in diverse societies: beyond neoliberal multiculturalism and welfare chauvinism (2015) · cites this paper as Crepaz 2006
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Cited by
Solidarity in diverse societies: beyond neoliberal multiculturalism and welfare chauvinism
Kymlicka, W. (2015) · Comparative Migration Studies · doi:10.1186/s40878-015-0017-4 · Cited by 382
“Brady & Finnigan 2014; Kesler & Bloemraad 2010; Crepaz 2006; Guimond et al. 2013).”
BackgroundMulticulturalism and Immigration: A Contested Field in Cross-National Comparison
Koopmans, R. (2013) · Annual Review of Sociology · doi:10.1146/annurev-soc-071312-145630 · Cited by 291
Banting, K. G., & Kymlicka, W. (2013) · Comparative European Politics · doi:10.1057/cep.2013.12 · Cited by 284
“Other scholars have used the Index to show that MCPs have not had a negative effect on social capital, social cohesion, educational attainment or civic participation (Berry et al, 2006; Crepaz, 2006; Kesler and Bloemraad, 2010; Wright and Bloemraad, 2012).”
BackgroundMigration and welfare state solidarity in Western Europe
Mau, S., & Burkhardt, C. (2009) · Journal of European Social Policy · doi:10.1177/0958928709104737 · Cited by 291
“Utter Failure” or Unity out of Diversity? Debating and Evaluating Policies of Multiculturalism
Bloemraad, I., & Wright, M. (2014) · International Migration Review · doi:10.1111/imre.12135 · Cited by 160
Validating integration and citizenship policy indices
Helbling, M. (2013) · Comparative European Politics · doi:10.1057/cep.2013.11 · Cited by 110
Do shared values promote social cohesion? If so, which? Evidence from Denmark
Breidahl, K. N., Holtug, N., & Kongshøj, K. (2017) · European Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s1755773916000266 · Cited by 95
“…other sets of values have more or less been neglected in empirical studies and insofar as they have been studied, they have primarily been included in studies measuring the impact of such values at the level of policy (Crepaz, 2006; Torpe, 2012) and at the country level (Hjerm and Schnabel, 2012).”
BackgroundTesting the Liberal Multiculturalist Hypothesis: Normative Theories and Social Science Evidence
Kymlicka, W. (2010) · Canadian Journal of Political Science · doi:10.1017/s0008423910000041 · Cited by 92
Identity, causality and social cohesion
Holtug, N. (2016) · Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies · doi:10.1080/1369183x.2016.1227697 · Cited by 80
“…policies have no effects on trust and solidarity (Banting et al. 2006, 80; Hooghe et al. 2007, 16), some that they have positive effects (Crepaz 2006, 113–115; Torpe 2013, 162–165), and some that, in conjunction with other (egalitarian) policies, they have beneficial effects (Kesler and…”
BackgroundKoopmans, R., & Schaeffer, M. (2015) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-015-0863-3 · Cited by 77
Ethnic Diversity and Support for Redistributive Social Policies
Steele, L. G. (2016) · Social Forces · doi:10.1093/sf/sow021 · Cited by 69
“…not only from the political right, but also from the political left, which perceives these forces as a threat to the welfare state (Kymlicka and Banting 2006)—raising the progressive’s dilemma, which would require social democrats to choose between sustaining their traditional agenda of…”
BackgroundSchmidt, A. W., & Spies, D. C. (2013) · Comparative Political Studies · doi:10.1177/0010414013488542 · Cited by 53
“Immigrants—and especially non-Western immigrants—are perceived by many native Europeans as “not belonging to us,” less willing to work hard, and therefore less worthy to be supported by welfare benefits (Crepaz, 2006; Larsen, 2011; Senik, Stichnoth, & Straeten, 2008).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialThe Politics of Social Cohesion
Holtug, N. (2021) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198797043.001.0001 · Cited by 53
Theorizing and Analyzing Citizenship in Multicultural Societies
Bloemraad, I. (2015) · Sociological Quarterly · doi:10.1111/tsq.12095 · Cited by 44
Banting, K. G., & Kymlicka, W. (2012) · KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology) · Cited by 44
The Essentialist Critique of Multiculturalism: Theories, Policies, EthosPreprint
Kymlicka, W. (2014) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2441133 · Cited by 40
Koning, E. A. (2017) · Comparative European Politics · doi:10.1057/s41295-017-0097-7 · Cited by 36
Solidarity in Diverse Societies: Beyond Neoliberal Multiculturalism and Welfare Chauvinism
Kymlicka, W. (2020) · Philosophy and politics · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-34098-8_4 · Cited by 41
National Identity and Partisan Polarization
Uslaner, E. M. (2022) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197633946.001.0001 · Cited by 32
Muñoz, J., & Pardos‐Prado, S. (2017) · Political Science Research and Methods · doi:10.1017/psrm.2017.18 · Cited by 28
Heizmann, B., & Ziller, C. (2019) · Social Forces · doi:10.1093/sf/soz030 · Cited by 28
“Apart from mere structural factors, recent studies of migration-related attitudes have instead focused on policies and institutions that govern the integration of immigrants (Crepaz 2006; Crepaz and Damron 2009; Heizmann 2015; 2016; Hooghe and de Vroome 2015; Schlueter, Meuleman, and Davidov 2013).”
BackgroundDiversity and welfare state legitimacy in Europe. The challenge of intra-EU migration
Cappelen, C. W., & Peters, Y. (2017) · Journal of European Public Policy · doi:10.1080/13501763.2017.1314534 · Cited by 26
“With respect to actual (as opposed to perceived) diversity, Crepaz (2006) and Mau and Burkhardt (2009) find a weak association between diversity and support for welfare spending in Europe.”
BackgroundImmigration and support for redistributive social policy: Does multiculturalism matter?
Kwon, R., & Curran, M. (2016) · International Journal of Comparative Sociology · doi:10.1177/0020715216685767 · Cited by 21
“We argue that this divergence is in part explained by differences in multicultural institutional contexts, which critically shape public perceptions of immigration (Banting et al., 2006; Callens and Meuleman, 2016; Crepaz, 2006; Kesler and Bloemraad, 2010; Sumino, 2014).”
BackgroundMigration, migrant integration and support for social spending: The case of Switzerland
Spies, D. C., & Schmidt-Catran, A. W. (2015) · Journal of European Social Policy · doi:10.1177/0958928715612170 · Cited by 20
“Both in the United States and Europe, immigrants – and especially nonwestern immigrants – are perceived by many natives as less willing to work hard, being over-represented among the recipients of assistance, and therefore less worthy of support (Crepaz, 2006; Gilens, 1999; Senik et al., 2008).”
Background8 The Essentialist Critique of Multiculturalism: Theories, Policies, Ethos
Kymlicka, W. (2015) · Edinburgh University Press eBooks · doi:10.1515/9781474401890-012 · Cited by 20
The continued relevance of multiculturalism: dissecting interculturalism and transculturalism
Loh, S. H. (2021) · Ethnic and Racial Studies · doi:10.1080/01419870.2021.1963459 · Cited by 19
“According to Ortiz (1995), transculturalism is “the synthesis of two simultaneously occurring phases” – the deculturalisation of the past as the first phase, followed by the reformulation of a new common culture based on the interactions of different peoples and cultures (Cuccioletta 2001, 6; Petrus 2016, 41). Transcu…”
BackgroundSchmidt-Catran, A. W., & Careja, R. (2017) · Journal of European Social Policy · doi:10.1177/0958928716681463 · Cited by 20
“Second, since previous research demonstrated that natives perceive immigrants as undeserving welfare abusers (Crepaz, 2006; Van Oorschot, 2006), knowing whether immigrants themselves are actually more in favour of welfare redistribution than natives are, puts these perceptions into perspective.”
BackgroundHoltug, N. (2021) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198797043.003.0003 · Cited by 20
Kwon, R., Mahutga, M. C., & Admire, A. (2017) · Sociological Quarterly · doi:10.1080/00380253.2017.1331416 · Cited by 14
“Prior studies often use hierarchal linear models (HLMs) for nested data (e.g., Crepaz 2006; Sumino 2014).”
MethodThe Challenge of Minority Integration Politics and Policies in the Nordic Nations
Kraus, P. A., & Kivisto, P. (2015) · doi:10.1515/9783110441116 · Cited by 20
Kumlin, S., Goerres, A., & Spies, D. C. (2021) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198828389.013.19 · Cited by 12
Is There Really a Backlash Against Multiculturalism PoliciesPreprint
Banting, K. G., & Kymlicka, W. (2012) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 6
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Scarpa, S., Castles, S., & Schierup, C. (2021) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198828389.013.22 · Cited by 6
Sundberg, T. (2014) · Sociological Research Online · doi:10.5153/sro.3337 · Cited by 7
Making Enemies: Reactive Dynamics of Discursive Polarization
Backström, J., Creutz, K., & Pyrhönen, N. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-89066-7_6 · Cited by 6
Hansen, R. (2016) · Government and Opposition · doi:10.1017/gov.2015.40 · Cited by 5
“Social scientists have found no consistent relationship between multicultural policies (an official recognition of diversity) and either (a) reduced support for the redistribution of wealth or (b) decreased redistributive social expenditure (Crepaz 2006: 108; Evans 2006; Joppke 2010: 76).”
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Alkan, U. (2015) · Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi · doi:10.1501/sbfder_0000002369 · Cited by 5
Koopmans, R., & Schaeffer, M. (2017) · doi:10.31235/osf.io/64p3z · Cited by 5
Multicultural Society and the Welfare State
Parekh, B. (2012) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1057/9780230349230_4 · Cited by 4
Velferdssjåvinisme i Norge? - Et listeeksperiment
Cappelen, C. W., Kuhnle, S., & Midtbø, T. (2016) · Norsk statsvitenskapelig tidsskrift · doi:10.18261/issn.1504-2936-2016-02-02 · Cited by 4
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The Islamophobia Industry, Hate, and Its Impact on Muslim Immigrants and OIC State Development
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Mainstreaming and Interculturalism’s Elective Affinity
Zapata‐Barrero, R. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-59277-0_9 · Cited by 2
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Selamé, G. N., & Villavicencio, M. (2011) · Ideas y Valores · Cited by 1
Uslaner, E. M. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197633946.003.0007 · Cited by 1
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Wright, M., Soroka, S., Citrin, J., et al. (2015) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2570827
“…trust or political participation that can occur with demographic change; multiculturalism might even reverse the relationship in some cases, such that rising migration correlates with more organizational membership in multicultural policy contexts (Kesler & Bloemraad 2010; see Crepaz 2006).”
BackgroundPyrhönen, N., Creutz, K., & Weide, M. (2015) · doi:10.1515/9783110441116-009 · Cited by 1
“The same applies for the empirical validity of the discourse linking national unity and the economic feasibility of welfare structures (Crepaz 2006).”
BackgroundHoltug, N. (2021) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198797043.003.0006
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Metadata
- Authors
- Crepaz, M.
- Corresponding author
- Crepaz, Markus
- ORCID
- Crepaz, Markus
- Venue
- Multiculturalism and the Welfare State
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press
- Published
- 2006-11-23
- Pages
- 92-118
- OpenAlex
- W2491567840
- Cited by
- 74
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 2.77
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Oxford University Press eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Social Policy and Reform Studies
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Migration, Refugees, and Integration
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social Capital and Networks
- Keywords
- multicultural policy, public opinion, welfare state support, interpersonal trust, redistribution, solidarity, Western democracies
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