Cited by 415Migration and Exile StudiesMigration, Refugees, and IntegrationMigration, Racism, and Human Rights

The DOI matches its Crossref record.

The Making of the Modern Refugee

Gatrell, Peter·2013·Oxford University Press eBooks

DOI 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199674169.001.0001

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

PART 1: EMPIRES OF REFUGEES PART 2: MID-CENTURY MAELSTROM PART 3: REFUGEES IN THE GLOBAL COLD WAR AND ITS AFTERMATH

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199674169.001.0001

Cites

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Sorted by citations

Items 101–200 of 385

Uchodźcy w Afryce. Etnografia przemocy i cierpienia
Ząbek, M. (2018) · Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego eBooks · doi:10.31338/uw.9788323536260 · Cited by 4
Defining and aiding “the Namibian refugee”: a history of the Chaplaincy to Namibians in Exile, 1974-76
Williams, C. A. (2021) · Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue canadienne des études africaines · doi:10.1080/00083968.2020.1869049 · Cited by 4
Flucht und Frauen: Reflexionen des Forschungsstandes
Krause, U. (2022) · Interkulturelle Studien · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-35038-3_2 · Cited by 4
Christianity as an Institutional Migrant: Historical, Theological, and Ethical Perspectives
Phan, P. C. (2016) · Palgrave Macmillan US eBooks · doi:10.1057/9781137031648_2 · Cited by 4
Who Was ‘Worthy’? How Empathy Drove Policy Decisions about the Uprooted in Occupied Germany, 1945–1948
Hilton, L. J. (2018) · Holocaust and Genocide Studies · doi:10.1093/hgs/dcy011 · Cited by 4
Refugees
Czaika, M., & Kraler, A. (2020) · doi:10.1002/9781119430452.ch20 · Cited by 4
Towards a Shared Practice of Encampment: An Historical Investigation of UNRWA and the UNHCR to 1967
Robson, L. (2023) · Journal of Refugee Studies · doi:10.1093/jrs/fead045 · Cited by 3
Language Abuse: The Politicization and Categorization of People on the Move Through Language and Narrative
Ambrosini, M., Dotsey, S., Lumley‐Sapanski, A., et al. (2025) · Genealogy · doi:10.3390/genealogy9020060 · Cited by 3
Les migrants libyens en Tunisie : un enjeu majeur des dynamiques migratoires dans l’espace maghrébin
Alcaraz, E. (2018) · Revue internationale des études du développement · doi:10.3917/ried.236.0009 · Cited by 3
Introduction: Feeling humanitarianism during the Spanish Civil War and Republican exile
Moruno, D. M. (2020) · Journal of Spanish Cultural Studies · doi:10.1080/14636204.2020.1842092 · Cited by 3
Negotiating Resettlement in Venezuela after World War II: An Exploration
Huhn, S. (2020) · Social Science Open Access Repository (GESIS – Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences) · doi:10.12759/hsr.45.2020.4.203-225 · Cited by 3
Protection | Victimisation | Agency? Gender-sensitive Perspectives on Present-day Refugee Camps
Krause, U. (2019) · V&R unipress eBooks · doi:10.14220/9783737008518.483 · Cited by 2
La fabrique des réfugiés dans la Guerre froide
Akoka, K. (2019) · Politique et Sociétés · doi:10.7202/1058289ar · Cited by 5
Tensions of development and negotiations of identity at the periphery of France : Guyane Française since 1946
Wood, S. L. (2015) · Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) · Cited by 3
Humanitarianism and empire
Paulmann, J. (2016) · The Encyclopedia of Empire · doi:10.1002/9781118455074.wbeoe406 · Cited by 3
Vulnerabilities in displacement: Can humanitarianism protect women?
Zuccarelli, G., Riggirozzi, P., Owen, D. A., & Cintra, N. (2025) · Migration Studies · doi:10.1093/migration/mnaf016 · Cited by 2
The Unitarian’s Service Committee Marseille Office and the American networks to aid Spanish refugees. (1940-1943)
Hernández, A. V. (2019) · Culture & History Digital Journal · doi:10.3989/chdj.2019.021 · Cited by 2
"Attraversarono il mare su terra asciutta": gli ebrei di Libia nei campi profughi in Italia e nel regime internazionale dei rifugiati (1948-1949)
Renzo, C. (2021) · ITALIA CONTEMPORANEA · doi:10.3280/ic295-oa1 · Cited by 2
Exil in der Schweiz (1933–1945)
Schulz, K. (2023) · Transkulturalität - Translation - Transfer · doi:10.57088/978-3-7329-8977-5_1 · Cited by 2
Education for Rohingya Refugee Children in Malaysia: a Pathway to Sustainable Development Goals
Ali, S. S. M., Ahmad, Y., Tahir, N. S., Ayob, N. A., Aziz, N. A., & Mustapha, S. Z. (2025) · Journal of Lifestyle and SDGs Review · doi:10.47172/2965-730x.sdgsreview.v5.n02.pe04312 · Cited by 3
“Despite being a non-signatory to the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol, Malaysia has granted the operation of ALCs that are dominated by refugee and stateless children in Malaysia.”
Humanitarianism Was Never Enough: Dorothy Thompson, Sands of Sorrow, and the Arabs of Palestine
Stonebridge, L. (2017) · Humanity · doi:10.1353/hum.2017.0027 · Cited by 2
Refugees and refugee studies
Gatrell, P. (2017) · Nationalities Papers · doi:10.1080/00905992.2017.1355359 · Cited by 2
Self-citation
Migration in einer turbulenten Weltordnung
Carey, A. T. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-19540-3_2 · Cited by 2
How statelessness can force refugees to redefine their ethnicity: what can be learned from Russian émigrés dispersed to six continents in the inter-war period?
Manchester, L. (2015) · Immigrants & Minorities · doi:10.1080/02619288.2015.1065738 · Cited by 2
Not by Bread Alone? UNRRA and the Displaced Persons in Gutach
Humbert, L. (2014) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1057/9781137443502_12 · Cited by 2
40 Anos de Independências: Migrações forçadas e regimes de asilo nos PALOP (1975-2013)
Costa, P. M., & Sousa, L. (2018) · Cadernos de Estudos Africanos · doi:10.4000/cea.2630 · Cited by 2
The Paradox of the Alien Citizen? Access, Control and Entitlements of Belgian Refugees in Birmingham during the First World War
Vuyst, J. D., Myers, K., & Gorp, A. V. (2018) · Journal of Refugee Studies · doi:10.1093/jrs/fey071 · Cited by 2
Return on display: memories of postcolonial migration at Maizuru
Bull, J., & Ivings, S. (2019) · Japan Forum · doi:10.1080/09555803.2018.1544583 · Cited by 2
State Sovereignty vs. Refugees’ Resilience: Repatriation, Securitization, and Transnationalism in Dadaab
Farah, A. O. (2019) · Advances in African economic, social and political development · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-03721-5_14 · Cited by 2
Constructing the "New Australian Patient": Assimilation as Preventative Medicine in Postwar Australia
Henrich, E. (2019) · Histoire sociale · doi:10.1353/his.2019.0005 · Cited by 2
Leaving Zion: Jewish Emigration from Palestine and Israel after World War II
Yehudai, O. (2020) · Cited by 2
Refugees in Twentieth-Century Britain
Taylor, B. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316946299 · Cited by 17
Identity, nationhood and migrations to Turkey from the Balkans, 1950–1960
Erken, A. (2021) · International Migration · doi:10.1111/imig.12865 · Cited by 2
Exploring visual representations by the UNHCR of the experiences of resettled Syrian refugees in Canada
Dahin, C. (2022) · Visual Studies · doi:10.1080/1472586x.2022.2043179 · Cited by 2
History of the Global Response to Forcibly Displaced Persons
Łukasiewicz, K. (2022) · Essential clinical social work series · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-12600-0_2 · Cited by 2
Lessons of Keynes’s Economic Consequences in a Turbulent Century
Clavin, P., Corsetti, G., Obstfeld, M., et al. (2023) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009407540.003 · Cited by 2
Landscapes of the Uprooted: Displacement in Postwar Europe
Seipp, A. R., & Sinn, A. A. (2018) · Holocaust and Genocide Studies · doi:10.1093/hgs/dcy012 · Cited by 2
“In the wake of three decades of conflict, successive efforts to sort out the refugee problem helped to create the modern field of humanitarian work.(6) This period of overlapping experiences of flight and resettlement did not really”
Background
Exiled Among Nations
Eicher, J. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108626392 · Cited by 1
'Most of the days is really, really good' : narratives of well-being and happiness among asylum seekers and refugees in the UK and the Gambia
Wenning, B. (2019) · ERA · Cited by 2
The Socio-Cultural Life of Migration Categories: Insights Across the Global South and North – Introduction to the Special Issue
Gallo, E., Ngeh, J., & Diallo, S. (2024) · Journal of Asian and African Studies · doi:10.1177/00219096241283660 · Cited by 2
“…aimed at the (often ambivalent) inclusion of refugees as subjects of charity, more recent government actions in the Global North have fostered a political agenda to restrict access to refugee recognition, with the latter framed more as a privilege than a right (Gatrell, 2013; Zetter, 2007).”
A New World Order: The Global Society and Its Friends
Kühnhardt, L. (2017) · Global power shift · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-55904-9_7 · Cited by 1
IL genere, la storia e I refugee studies
Salvatici, S. (2019) · École française de Rome eBooks · doi:10.4000/books.efr.36207 · Cited by 1
Introduction
Miller, D. E., & Straehle, C. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108666466.001 · Cited by 1
‘There is No Icebreaker like a Tiny Child’: Reuniting British Military Families in Cold War Germany
Huxford, G. (2022) · Contemporary European History · doi:10.1017/s0960777322000248 · Cited by 1
TWAIL, archives, and refugee law
Ramasubramanyam, J. (2024) · Journal of Refugee Studies · doi:10.1093/jrs/feae013 · Cited by 1
The obscured racialisation of humanitarian design: imagined problem, imagined participation and imagined human
Keshavarz, M. (2025) · Third World Quarterly · doi:10.1080/01436597.2025.2547965 · Cited by 2
“Scholars have shown how the modern refugee regime and humanitarian infrastructure of protection put in place between 1940 and 1950 have shaped much of the current conception of humanitarianism around the question of refugees (Gatrell 2013; Seuferling and Leurs 2021).”
Geopolitical Uses of Organised Forced Migration
Adamson, F. B., & Greenhill, K. M. (2025) · International Migration · doi:10.1111/imig.70113 · Cited by 1
The rise of repatriation: Global South refugees and forerunners of the International Organization for Migration in the long 1970s
Szabla, C. (2026) · Third World Quarterly · doi:10.1080/01436597.2026.2636128 · Cited by 1
The Refugee Trap
Betts, A., Omata, N., Siu, J., & Sterck, O. C. (2026) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009765756 · Cited by 2
Introduction: The Asia Pacific War Through Border-Crossing Mobilities
Kobayashi, Y. H., Matos, C. M. D., & Fowler, E. (2026) · Asian Studies Review · doi:10.1080/10357823.2026.2708260 · Cited by 1
Provisional State, Reluctant Institutions: West Berlin's Refugee Service and Refugee Commissions, 1949–1952
Limbach, E. H. (2014) · Central European History · doi:10.1017/s0008938914001915 · Cited by 1
Administering relief: Glasgow Corporation’s support for Scotland’s c. 20,000 Belgian refugees1
Jenkinson, J. (2016) · Immigrants & Minorities · doi:10.1080/02619288.2016.1169928 · Cited by 1
Men and Markets
Clavin, P. (2016) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781107477568.006 · Cited by 1
A Sort of Homecoming: The German Refugee Crisis of 1929
Eicher, J. (2017) · German Studies Review · doi:10.1353/gsr.2017.0049 · Cited by 1
'A Different Rhythm': Stuart Hall's Du Bois Lectures
Glover, D. (2019) · New Formations · doi:10.3898/newf:96/97.rev03.2019 · Cited by 1
Humanitarianism and Child Refugee Sponsorship: The Spanish Civil War and the Global Campaign of Esme Odgers
Damousi, J. (2020) · Journal of women's history · doi:10.1353/jowh.2020.0009 · Cited by 1
After the Korean War
Kwon, H. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108768313 · Cited by 68
Reinventing French Aid: The Politics of Humanitarian Relief in French-Occupied Germany, 1945–1952
Humbert, L. (2021) · Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) · Cited by 1
Populist Humanitarianism
O’Sullivan, K. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108769556.009 · Cited by 1
New publications in humanitarian action and the law
(2014) · International Review of the Red Cross · doi:10.1017/s1816383115000302 · Cited by 1
Relocation and Dislocation: Civilian, Refugee, and Military Movement as Factors in the Disintegration of Postwar China, 1945–49
Mitter, R. (2022) · Itinerario · doi:10.1017/s0165115322000134 · Cited by 1
Migration Across History
Hoerder, D. (2021) · Sustainable development goals series · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-81058-0_4 · Cited by 1
Making a National Program National: The US Resettlement of Displaced Persons After World War II
Haines, D. W. (2023) · International Migration Review · doi:10.1177/01979183231171550 · Cited by 1
“…were Poles, 150,000 to 200,000 were from the former Baltic Republics of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania, 100,000 to 150,000 were Ukrainian, well under 100,000 were surviving Jews, and there was also a smattering of other groups (Cohen 2012, 5 – 6; Gatrell 2013, 97; Proudfoot 1956, 238 – 239, 259).”
A right to research?
Reed, K., & Schenck, M. C. (2023) · International Migration · doi:10.1111/imig.13145 · Cited by 1
Differentiated Integration Among the Stateless Rohingya in Bangladesh’s Camps
Mahapatro, M., & Gebauer, H. (2023) · Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies · doi:10.1080/15562948.2023.2233079 · Cited by 1
“States like Burma, then, established notions of citizenship excluding marginalized ethnic groups, resulting in their forced displacement (Gatrell, 2013).”
The cross-border effects of the Ukrainian refugees’ crisis. Evidence from the Romanian side
Damian, N., Mitrică, B., Săgeată, R., et al. (2024) · Europa XXI · doi:10.7163/eu21.2023.45.2 · Cited by 1
Endangered Scholars: Globalizing the Long History of an Emergent Category. Introduction
Dakhli, L., Laborier, P., & Wolff, F. (2024) · Migrationsgesellschaften · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-43540-0_1 · Cited by 1
Overlapping Categories? Some Thoughts from the French Office for the Protection of Refugees and Stateless Persons (Ofpra) Archive
Angoustures, A. (2024) · Migrationsgesellschaften · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-43540-0_7 · Cited by 1
Oral Collage: A Study of the Storyteller-Migrant in Ali Smith's Seasonal Quartet
Simpson, P. C. (2024) · C21 literature · doi:10.16995/c21.8613 · Cited by 1
Refuge in the Levant and Eastern Mediterranean: spaces of containment or places of choice?
Chatty, D. (2024) · Journal of Refugee Studies · doi:10.1093/jrs/feae063 · Cited by 1
Refugee status as taboo: how humanitarian intervention impeded refugee recognition in Vietnam before the Orderly Departure Program (1979)
Cosemans, S., & Vinh, T. V. (2025) · Interventions · doi:10.1080/1369801x.2024.2440151 · Cited by 1
“UNHCR ’ s efforts to include people in, or exclude them from, the legal category of “ refugee ” by using different labels thus built on established historical patterns (Gatrell 2013; Nah 2019; Schönhagen 2023).”
Categories of Migration and Types of Migrants
Phan, P. C. (2025) · doi:10.1093/9780190082307.003.0004 · Cited by 1
El Shatt: Memories of a Yugoslav Partisan refugee camp travelling from North Africa to Croatia
Hameršak, M., & Lingelbach, J. (2025) · Memory Studies · doi:10.1177/17506980251359585 · Cited by 1
“Forced to stay in DP camps in Germany and Austria some of the survivors used their time to prepare and fight for the eventual migration to Palestine/Israel (see, for example, Baumel, 1997; Gatrell, 2013: 123).”
Emerging Christianities in Japan: A Comparative Analysis of Brazilian and Filipino Migrant Churches
Kitani, K. (2016) · Palgrave Macmillan US eBooks · doi:10.1057/9781137031648_6 · Cited by 1
Anti‐slavery, refugee relief, and the missionary origins of humanitarian photography ca. 1900–1960
Grant, K. (2017) · History Compass · doi:10.1111/hic3.12383 · Cited by 1
Revolution in the Afterlife
Kwon, H. (2017) · Religions · doi:10.3390/rel8080146 · Cited by 1
“…displacement in both scale and intensity, caused by “the collapse of multinational empires, the emergence of the modern state with a bounded citizenship, the spread of totalizing ideologies that hounded internal enemies, and the internationalization of responses to refugee crisis” (Gatrell 2013).”
Chinese Refugee Children and Empires: The Politics of International Adoptions in Cold War Hong Kong
Franco, R. (2017) · The Journal of Imperial & Commonwealth History · doi:10.1080/03086534.2017.1408227 · Cited by 1
Changing Perspectives on Migration History and Research in Switzerland: An Introduction
Lüthi, B., & Skenderovic, D. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-94247-6_1 · Cited by 1
Swiss humanitarian aid during the Spanish Civil War: The journey of Anna Siemsen and Regina Kägi-Fuchsmann
Salgado, L. M. C. (2019) · Culture & History Digital Journal · doi:10.3989/chdj.2019.018 · Cited by 1
An Age of Ages: Nation, Empires and their Discontents
Giannakopoulos, G. (2020) · Contemporary European History · doi:10.1017/s0960777320000016 · Cited by 1
Schutz (o)der Freiheit? Flucht und politisches Handeln
Riemann, M. (2020) · J.B. Metzler eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-476-04974-2_13 · Cited by 1
No Happy Childhood Behind the Iron Curtain: Cold War and Imperial Perspectives in the Anglo–Soviet Dispute Over Unaccompanied Baltic Children (1947–1952)
Franco, R. (2020) · Europe Asia Studies · doi:10.1080/09668136.2020.1727857 · Cited by 1
The Unmaking of a Pedophilic Priest: Transnational Clerical Sexual Abuse in Guatemala
O’Neill, K. L. (2020) · Comparative Studies in Society and History · doi:10.1017/s0010417520000274 · Cited by 1
Stowaways at Bohemia's Shores: Undocumented Emigration and People-Smuggling Networks in Interwar East Central Europe
Schmidt, A. (2020) · Central European History · doi:10.1017/s0008938919000906 · Cited by 1
A Straightforward Journey? Discovering Belgium’s Refugee Policy through Its Central Government Archives (1945-1957)
Strubbe, F. (2020) · Social Science Open Access Repository (GESIS – Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences) · doi:10.12759/hsr.45.2020.4.69-96 · Cited by 1
The Turn to Human Rights
O’Sullivan, K. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108769556.008 · Cited by 1
Narrative Capability: Self-Recognition and Mutual Recognition in Refugees' Storytelling
Baldini, S. B. (2019) · Journal of Information Policy · doi:10.5325/jinfopoli.9.1.0132 · Cited by 1
Labourer, Citizen and Neighbour: Refugee Subjectivity in Pittsburgh and Berlin
Eichinger, F. (2021) · Parallax · doi:10.1080/13534645.2021.1995952 · Cited by 1
Exklusives Flüchtlingsschutzregime, koloniale „Andere“ und Geschlechterdichotomien
Jaji, R., & Krause, U. (2022) · Zeitschrift für Friedens- und Konfliktforschung · doi:10.1007/s42597-022-00083-7 · Cited by 1
“…eine ideologische Flüchtlingsfigur, die mit Tapferkeit assoziiert war und vor allem für Menschen galt, die aus der ehemaligen Sowjetunion flohen (Gatrell 2013, S. 97): die „starken, heldenhaften Figuren, die sowohl politisch als auch intellektuell für Freiheit und Gerechtigkeit kämpfen“…”
Background
Colonial Legacies and the Asylum System: Language, Silence and the Portrayal of the Refugee ‘Other’
McFadyen, G. (2014) · Cited by 1
Introduction
Leinonen, J., & Tervonen, M. (2025) · Helsinki University Press eBooks · doi:10.33134/hup-32-1 · Cited by 1
Wages of whiteness contra refugee in the twenty-first century: Afghan and Ukrainian women’s self-identification as (non)refugees in Canada
Karimi, A. (2026) · Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies · doi:10.1080/1369183x.2026.2693582 · Cited by 1
REFUGEES AND THE FAILURE OF THE STATE: A COMPARATIVE LOOK AT MODERN PROTECTION GAPS IN IRAQ AND GUATEMALA
Meltzer, M. (2015) · Library, Museums and Press - UDSpace (University of Delaware)
Protecting Refugees in the Weimar Republic
Oltmer, J. (2016) · Journal of Refugee Studies · doi:10.1093/jrs/fev031
‘Brave little Belgium’ arrives in Huddersfield ... voluntary action, local politics and the history of international relief work
Gill, R. (2016) · Immigrants & Minorities · doi:10.1080/02619288.2016.1176559
Civil War Migrants in Russia’s Far East
Khisamutdinova, N. V. (2016) · Revolutionary Russia · doi:10.1080/09546545.2016.1243622
Building ‘healthy happy family units’: Aileen Fitzpatrick and reuniting children separated by the Greek Civil War with their families in Australia, 1949–1954
Damousi, J. (2017) · The History of the Family · doi:10.1080/1081602x.2016.1275738
“The onset of the Second World War accentuated issues of family displacement further with over 60 million refugees created by the war (Gatrell, 2013, p. 3).”
Background
Two Centuries of Refugees: Movement, Qualification, Internationalization
Kévonian, D. (2013) · Pouvoirs · doi:10.3917/e.pouv.144.0017
Migration and Social Transformations in Soviet Society 1917–1941
Siegelbaum, L. H. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316137024.016
Understanding the Politics of Refugee and A Way Forward
Hemaadri, S. R. (2017) · Journal of Political Sciences & Public Affairs · doi:10.4172/2332-0761.1000273

Authors: Gatrell, P.
Corresponding author: Gatrell, Peter
ORCID: Gatrell, Peter
Venue: Oxford University Press eBooks
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Published: 2013-09-12
DOI: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199674169.001.0001
OpenAlex: W2478392249
Cited by: 415
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 20 · 2025: 52 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 44 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 41 · 2020: 62 · 2019: 55 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 1
FWCI: 13.16
Type: book
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Oxford University Press eBooks (publishedVersion)
Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Migration and Exile Studies
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Migration, Refugees, and Integration
Social Sciences › Law › Migration, Racism, and Human Rights
Keywords: refugees, refugee history, empire, Cold War, mid-twentieth century, forced migration, refugee policy

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

The Making of the Modern Refugee

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks