The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Governing Knowledge Commons
Abstract
Knowledge commons are the subject of enormous recent interest and enthusiasm with respect to policy making about innovation, creative production, and intellectual property. Taking that enthusiasm as its starting point, this book argues that policy making should be based on evidence and on deeper understanding of what makes commons institutions tick. Scholars of the natural environment have developed successful methods for studying commons arrangements systematically and in detail. The book borrows from them and proposes a framework for studying knowledge commons that is adapted to the unique attributes of knowledge and information. It describes the framework in detail and explains how to put it into practice, with contributed chapters that put the framework into context both with respect to commons research in general and with respect to innovation and information policy broadly. The book includes eleven detailed case studies that explore knowledge commons across a wide variety of scientific and cultural domains, including applications in contemporary medical research, astronomy, open source computer software, news reporting, development of military equipment, the origins of aircraft design, user entrepreneurship, and the emerging cultural phenomenon known as roller derby.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The construction follows the iterative logic of established taxonomy-development method (Nickerson et al., 2013), alternating between the conceptual derivation of dimensions from the Ostromian grammar and the empirical inspection of the institutions examined in Sections 6-10, and it adopts the interrogation structure of the Governing Knowledge Commons case-study method (Frischmann et al., 2014),”
From Commons-Governed Artificial Intelligence: A Taxonomy of Collective Governance (2026) · cites this paper as Frischmann et al., 2014
In the citing paper
“The Governing Knowledge Commons program of Frischmann et al. (2014) was built substantially on scientific cases, and the open-weight model collaboration of the model layer is, in its governance, an extension of scientific peer production to artifacts that were previously proprietary, as the BigScience workshop's BLOOM demonstrates (BigScience Workshop et al., 2022).”
From Commons-Governed Artificial Intelligence: A Taxonomy of Collective Governance (2026) · cites this paper as Frischmann et al. (2014)
Citations
Cites
Still being checked.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–200 of 303
Commons, Piracy and the Crisis of Property
Arvanitakis, J., & Fredriksson, M. (2016) · tripleC Communication Capitalism & Critique Open Access Journal for a Global Sustainable Information Society · doi:10.31269/triplec.v14i1.680 · Cited by 8
Intellectual Property, Open Science and Research BiobanksPreprint
Caso, R., & Ducato, R. (2014) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2511602 · Cited by 9
Conceptualising knowledge governance: knowledge regimes and institutions
Lin, W., Paniagua, P., & Yuan, M. (2025) · Journal of Institutional Economics · doi:10.1017/s1744137425100179 · Cited by 10
The Academic Library in the Face of Cooperative and Commercial Paths to Open Access
Willinsky, J. (2019) · Library Trends · doi:10.1353/lib.2018.0033 · Cited by 6
Centering Policy and Practice: Research Gaps Around Usable Differential Privacy
Cummings, R., & Sarathy, J. (2023) · IEEE International Conference on Trust, Privacy and Security in Intelligent Systems and Applications (TPS-ISA) · doi:10.1109/tps-isa58951.2023.00024 · Cited by 11
Population Biobanks’ Governance: A Case Study of Knowledge Commons
Boggio, A. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316544587.006 · Cited by 7
Schauf, A., & Oh, P. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-79514-5 · Cited by 7
Patent pools for CRISPR technology—Response
Contreras, J. L., & Sherkow, J. S. (2017) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aan0818 · Cited by 7
Nagle, F. (2018) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3301005 · Cited by 8
Byzantine Political EconomyPreprint
Berg, C., Davidson, S., & Potts, J. (2019) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3344110 · Cited by 7
Data Infrastructures in Ecology: An Infrastructure Studies Perspective
Millerand, F., & Baker, K. S. (2020) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199389414.013.554 · Cited by 7
A Journal is a Club: A New Economic Model for Scholarly PublishingPreprint
Potts, J., Hartley, J., Montgomery, L., Neylon, C., & Rennie, E. (2016) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2763975 · Cited by 7
On the Self-Governance and Episodic Changes in Apache Incubator Projects: An Empirical Study
Yin, L., Zhang, X., & Filkov, V. (2023) · ACM/IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering: Companion Proceedings (ICSE-Companion) · doi:10.1109/icse48619.2023.00066 · Cited by 6
Špaček, D., & Gatarik, E. (2017) · NISPAcee Journal of Public Administration and Policy · doi:10.1515/nispa-2017-0009 · Cited by 7
Achieving Industry-aligned Education through Digital-Commons: A Case Study
Ramakrishnan, M., Gregor, S. D., Shrestha, A., & Soar, J. (2022) · Journal of Computer Information Systems · doi:10.1080/08874417.2022.2115955 · Cited by 7
Entrepreneurial governance and the nature of the entrepreneurial firm
Grandori, A. (2024) · Small Business Economics · doi:10.1007/s11187-024-00883-6 · Cited by 7
The Sentinel Initiative as a Knowledge Commons
Abbott, R. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316544587.007 · Cited by 5
The Greatest Generational Impact: Open Neuroscience as an Emerging Knowledge Commons
Larson, M., & Chon, M. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316544587.009 · Cited by 6
Reichman, J. H. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-13-2856-5_14 · Cited by 6
Building shared information infrastructure for chemical alternatives assessment
Kokai, A., Blake, A., Dedeo, M., & Lent, T. (2020) · Elementa Science of the Anthropocene · doi:10.1525/elementa.422 · Cited by 6
Calzati, S. (2025) · AI and Ethics · doi:10.1007/s43681-025-00665-0 · Cited by 7
Regenerative Supply Chains: A Knowledge Polycentrism View
Dentoni, D., & Pascucci, S. (2026) · Journal of Supply Chain Management · doi:10.1111/jscm.70017 · Cited by 7
Ducuing, C. (2024) · Global Jurist · doi:10.1515/gj-2024-0065 · Cited by 7
Gmeiner, N., Sievers-Glotzbach, S., & Becker, C. U. (2020) · Ethics Policy & Environment · doi:10.1080/21550085.2020.1848194 · Cited by 5
How Private Individuals Maintain Privacy and Govern Their Own Health Data Cooperative
Gille, F., & Vayena, E. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108749978.003 · Cited by 5
Data and Privacy in a Quasi-Public Space: Disney World as a Smart City
Sanfilippo, M. R., & Shvartzshnaider, Y. (2021) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-71305-8_19 · Cited by 5
Pedraza, L. G. (2016) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316544587.012 · Cited by 5
Can a Smart City Exist as Commons?
Artyushina, A. (2023) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108938532.012 · Cited by 5
Employee spinouts along the value chain
Adams, P., Torodi, A. B., Fontana, R., & Malerba, F. (2023) · Industrial and Corporate Change · doi:10.1093/icc/dtad073 · Cited by 5
Dekker, E., & Kuchař, P. (2024) · OEconomia · doi:10.4000/130pg · Cited by 7
Philanthropy as Commons: An Overview for DiscussionPreprint
Never, B., Christensen, R. K., & Bushouse, B. K. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4065110 · Cited by 4
Re-imagining CCT for crisis times: Theorizing collaborative consumer culture
Arnould, E. J., & Thompson, C. J. (2026) · Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science · doi:10.1007/s11747-026-01157-1 · Cited by 6
Communs (im)matériels : enjeux épistémologiques, institutionnels et politiques
Buchs, A., Baron, C., Froger, G., & Pénéranda, A. (2020) · Développement durable et territoires · doi:10.4000/developpementdurable.17497 · Cited by 7
Externalities, Scarcity and Abundance
Frischmann, B. M., & Ramello, G. B. (2022) · Frontiers in Research Metrics and Analytics · doi:10.3389/frma.2022.1111446 · Cited by 4
Design Principles for Platform-Enabled Knowledge Commons with an Expository Instantiation
Ramakrishnan, M., Gregor, S. D., Shrestha, A., & Soar, J. (2023) · Journal of the Association for Information Systems · doi:10.17705/1jais.00824 · Cited by 5
Chen, W. D., & Murtazashvili, I. (2024) · Chinese Public Administration Review · doi:10.1177/15396754231222575 · Cited by 9
NLP4Gov: A Comprehensive Library for Computational Policy Analysis
Chakraborti, M., Bonagiri, A., Virgüez‐Ruiz, S., & Frey, S. (2024) · CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA) · doi:10.1145/3613905.3650810 · Cited by 5
Traditional Knowledge and Sustainable Livelihoods
Nulkar, G. V. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-7379-8_4 · Cited by 6
Benhamou, Y., & de Rosnay, M. D. (2025) · GRURRR. Gewerblicher Rechtsschutz und Urheberrecht, Rechtsprechungs-Report/GRUR-DVD/GRUR-CD/IIC/Gewerblicher Rechtsschutz und Urheberrecht/Gewerblicher Rechtsschutz und Urheberrecht. Internationaler Teil · doi:10.1007/s40319-025-01636-y · Cited by 23
The Limits of “Limitations and Exceptions” in Copyright Law
Reichman, J. H. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316450901.012 · Cited by 4
Commodification 2.0: How Does Spotify Provide Its Services for Free?
Kasap, O., & Yalçıntaş, A. (2020) · Review of Radical Political Economics · doi:10.1177/0486613420924163 · Cited by 4
Sanfilippo, M. R., Frischmann, B. M., & Strandburg, K. J. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108749978.002 · Cited by 4
Privacy as Knowledge Commons Governance
Sanfilippo, M. R., Strandburg, K. J., & Frischmann, B. M. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108749978.012 · Cited by 4
Smart Cities and Knowledge Commons
Madison, M. J., Sanfilippo, M. R., & Frischmann, B. M. (2023) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108938532.002 · Cited by 4
Intellectual property for commercial ideas in technology markets: A system dynamics model
Arcila, M. A. E., Correa, J. C., & Pérez-Gómez, A. M. (2023) · Journal of Open Innovation Technology Market and Complexity · doi:10.1016/j.joitmc.2023.100041 · Cited by 6
Can you moderate an unreadable message? 'Blind' content moderation via human computation
Frey, S., Bos, M. W., & Sumner, R. W. (2017) · Human Computation · doi:10.15346/hc.v4i1.5 · Cited by 4
Governing knowledge commons in Caribbean disaster management: A comparative institutional analysis
McNaughton, M. L., & Rao, L. (2017) · Information Services & Use · doi:10.3233/isu-170855 · Cited by 4
Safner, R. (2015) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2564230 · Cited by 4
Kekkonen, A., & Beliatskaya, I. (2023) · Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research · doi:10.1145/3598469.3598498 · Cited by 3
Arvanitidis, P., & Papagiannitsis, G. (2024) · Journal of Institutional Economics · doi:10.1017/s1744137424000183 · Cited by 3
Property and the construction of the information economy
Cohen, J. (2017) · Routledge Handbook of Digital Media and Communication · doi:10.4324/9781315616551-29 · Cited by 9
The Republic of Letters and the Origins of Scientific Knowledge Commons
Madison, M. J. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108749978.007 · Cited by 3
Souveraineté numérique, blockchain et communs de la donnée à Barcelone
Malafosse, M., & Pascal, A. (2022) · Recherche et Cas en Sciences de Gestion · doi:10.3917/rcsg.022.0051 · Cited by 3
Commons, New Commons, Urban Commons
Meroni, A., & Selloni, D. (2022) · SpringerBriefs in applied sciences and technology · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-06035-9_1 · Cited by 3
Theoretical Analysis of Innovation Commons : The Institutional Code of Economic Growth
Li, F., Wei, J., & Zhai, Y. (2023) · Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET) · doi:10.23919/picmet59654.2023.10216857 · Cited by 3
Governance of Shale Gas Development: Insights From the Bloomington School of Institutional Analysis
Murtazashvili, I., & Piano, E. E. (2018) · The Review of Austrian Economics · doi:10.1007/s11138-018-0424-5 · Cited by 3
Governing the Internet of Everything
Shackelford, S. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108749978.009 · Cited by 3
Privacy, Personhood, and Property in the Age of Genomics
Bonython, W., & Arnold, B. B. (2015) · Laws · doi:10.3390/laws4030377 · Cited by 3
Honor Among Thieves: How 19th Century American Pirate Publishers Simulated Copyright ProtectionPreprint
Safner, R. (2021) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3775330 · Cited by 3
Coming to grips with diverse voices in participatory heritage initiatives
Zheng, N. (2023) · doi:10.5463/thesis.146 · Cited by 3
Gao, X. (2024) · Journal of the Knowledge Economy · doi:10.1007/s13132-024-02170-x · Cited by 3
The Quantum Ecology as an Onto-Epistemological Framework: Toward an Ecological Theory of Sensing
Calzati, S., & Kerckhove, D. C. F. D. (2025) · Digital Society · doi:10.1007/s44206-025-00228-0 · Cited by 2
The Need for Absorptive Capacity Alleviates the Free-Rider Problem in Knowledge Production
Denrell, J. C., Luukkonen, J., Nick Chater, A., & Liu, C. (2026) · Management Science · doi:10.1287/mnsc.2024.06471 · Cited by 2
Alsuhaymi, A. O., & Atallah, F. A. (2026) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su18084024 · Cited by 2
Mergen, A. (2026) · Business & Society · doi:10.1177/00076503261455110 · Cited by 2
Privacy and Knowledge Production Across Contexts
Frischmann, B. M., Haenschen, K., & Waldman, A. E. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108749978.008 · Cited by 2
Knowledge Commons, Social Infrastructures, and Informal Markets
Goyal, Y. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108692915.009 · Cited by 2
Frischmann, B. M. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108692915.006 · Cited by 2
The Challenge for Cities of Governing Spatial Data Privacy
Sun, F., & Whittington, J. (2023) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108938532.004 · Cited by 2
Commoning contingent resources: constructing an Australian stem cell registry
Santos, D., Hu, M., McInnes, E. L., Wells, C. A., Leach, J., Nicol, D., & Ankeny, R. A. (2025) · New Genetics and Society · doi:10.1080/14636778.2025.2491997 · Cited by 2
Rights Claims in the Biosciences
Lucchi, N. (2016) · Law, governance and technology series · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-30439-7_4 · Cited by 2
Exploring Models for Community Governance
Moore, S. (2021) · doi:10.21428/785a6451.0304a2a8 · Cited by 2
Who or what is COPIM’s community?
COPIM (2022) · Community-led Open Publication Infrastructures for Monographs (COPIM) eBooks · doi:10.21428/785a6451.a9a9c954 · Cited by 2
Bubela, T. M., Adams, R., Chandrasekharan, S., Mishra, A., & Liu, S. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316544587.011 · Cited by 2
Knowledge Commons and the Road to Medical Commons
Strandburg, K. J., Frischmann, B. M., & Madison, M. J. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316544587.001 · Cited by 2
Public Facebook Groups for Political Activism
Sanfilippo, M. R., & Strandburg, K. J. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108749978.006 · Cited by 2
de Beer, J. (2020) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/11635.003.0007 · Cited by 2
In Common or Enclosed: A Comparison of Farmers’ Market Development in Poland and the United States
Robinson, J. M., & Śpiewak, R. (2023) · International Journal of the Commons · doi:10.5334/ijc.1219 · Cited by 2
Burnett, G., & Williams, S. (2025) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009255165.009 · Cited by 2
Social Entrepreneur Open Innovation-Based Business Model Developing Circle
Yun, J. J. (2017) · Management for professionals · doi:10.1007/978-981-10-4128-0_14 · Cited by 2
A Theoretical Consideration on the Systematization of the Study of the Knowledge Commons
Nishikawa, K. (2019) · Joho Chishiki Gakkaishi · doi:10.2964/jsik_2019_037 · Cited by 2
Introduction: Governing Openness in an Unequal World
Smith, M. L., & Seward, R. K. (2020) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/11635.003.0004 · Cited by 2
Governing Markets as Knowledge Commons: IntroductionPreprint
Dekker, E., & Kuchaa, P. (2018) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3147464 · Cited by 2
Online Age Gating: An Interdisciplinary EvaluationPreprint
Frischmann, B. M., Apthorpe, N., & Shvartzshnaider, Y. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4937328 · Cited by 2
Pooling Mental Health Data with Chatbots
Mattioli, M. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108749978.004 · Cited by 1
Revisiting the learning commons: an analysis of concepts and themes
Dery, Z. M., Abrigo, C. M., & Torres, E. (2025) · New Review of Academic Librarianship · doi:10.1080/13614533.2025.2466528 · Cited by 1
Is Kafka inevitable? Political institutions and the structure of communication protocols
Murtazashvili, I., & Palida, A. (2025) · The Journal of Law Economics and Organization · doi:10.1093/jleo/ewaf009 · Cited by 1
DNDi and the Global Politics of Neglected Tropical Diseases
Fraundorfer, M. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780198905325.003.0001 · Cited by 1
Pharmaceutical Knowledge Commons
Fraundorfer, M. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780198905325.003.0002 · Cited by 1
Pharmaceutical Knowledge Commons for the Most Neglected Populations in Global Health
Fraundorfer, M. (2025) · doi:10.1093/9780198905325.001.0001 · Cited by 1
Wang, Z. (2026) · Applied Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1080/08839514.2026.2663634 · Cited by 1
Deakin, S. F., & Sitchenko, H. (2026) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009431859.008 · Cited by 1
Toward a Knowledge Commons Perspective on the Corporate Form
Gindis, D., & Cole, D. H. (2026) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009431859.002 · Cited by 1
Cancer: From a Kingdom to a Commons
Mattioli, M. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316544587.008 · Cited by 1
The North American Mitochondrial Disease Consortium: A Developing Knowledge Commons
Strandburg, K. J., & Frischmann, B. M. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316544587.016 · Cited by 1
Dekker, E., & Kuchař, P. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108692915.002 · Cited by 1
Individual Sovereignty and Coproduction of Knowledge Governance
López, E. J. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108692915.005 · Cited by 2
Economic Perspectives on the Governance of Blockchains
Murtazashvili, I., & Weiss, M. B. H. (2022) · Springer optimization and its applications · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-07535-3_22 · Cited by 1
Safner, R. (2023) · Economics of Governance · doi:10.1007/s10101-023-00289-2 · Cited by 1
Śpiewak, R., Kłoczko-Gajewska, A., & Kłobukowska, J. (2023) · Wieś i Rolnictwo · doi:10.53098/wir032022/04 · Cited by 1
Metadata
- Venue
- Oxford University Press eBooks
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press
- Published
- 2014-09-02
- OpenAlex
- W592215310
- Cited by
- 304
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 33 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 30.14
- Type
- book
- Language
- pl
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Oxford University Press eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Law › Intellectual Property Rights and Media
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Management of Technology and Innovation › Research, Science, and Academia
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Information Systems and Management › Knowledge Management and Sharing
- Keywords
- knowledge commons, commons governance, commons institutions, evidence-based policy, innovation policy, information policy, intellectual property, open source software, medical research, astronomy, media coverage, military technology development, aircraft design, user entrepreneurship, roller derby, cultural commons
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review