The DOI matches its Crossref record; 44 of the 44 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Can Agricultural Cooperatives Reduce Poverty? Heterogeneous Impact of Cooperative Membership on Farmers' Welfare in Rwanda
Open accessAbstract
We analyze the inclusiveness and effectiveness of agricultural cooperatives in Rwanda. We estimate mean income and poverty effects of cooperative membership using propensity score matching techniques. We analyze heterogeneous treatment effects across farmers by analyzing how estimated treatment effects vary over farm and farmer characteristics and over the estimated propensity score. We find that cooperative membership in general increases income and reduces poverty and that these effects are largest for larger farms and in more remote areas. We find evidence of a negative selection because impact is largest for farmers with the lowest propensity to be a cooperative member.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
SOME PRACTICAL GUIDANCE FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PROPENSITY SCORE MATCHING
Caliendo, M., & Kopeinig, S. (2008) · Journal of Economic Surveys · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6419.2007.00527.x · Cited by 6,238
Matching as an econometric evaluation estimator: Evidence from evaluating a job training programme
Heckman, J. J., Ichimura, H., & Todd, P. E. (1997) · The Review of Economic Studies · doi:10.2307/2971733 · Cited by 5,486
Propensity Score-Matching Methods for Nonexperimental Causal Studies
Dehejia, R. H., & Wahba, S. (2002) · Review of Economics and Statistics · doi:10.1162/003465302317331982 · Cited by 4,846
Rosenbaum, P. R., & Rubin, D. B. (1985) · The American Statistician · doi:10.2307/2683903 · Cited by 4,774
Identification of Causal Effects Using Instrumental Variables
Angrist, J. D., Imbens, G. W., & Rubin, D. B. (1996) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.1080/01621459.1996.10476902 · Cited by 4,230
Nonparametric Estimation of Average Treatment Effects Under Exogeneity: A Review
Imbens, G. W. (2004) · Review of Economics and Statistics · doi:10.1162/003465304323023651 · Cited by 2,994
Estimation of Average Treatment Effects Based on Propensity Scores
Becker, S. O., & Ichino, A. (2002) · The Stata Journal: Promoting communications on statistics and Stata · doi:10.1177/1536867x0200200403 · Cited by 2,754
Trade, Standards, and Poverty: Evidence from Senegal
Maertens, M., & Swinnen, J. F. M. (2009) · World Development · doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2008.04.006 · Cited by 935
Self-citationLinking Smallholders to Markets: Determinants and Impacts of Farmer Collective Action in Kenya
Fischer, E., & Qaim, M. (2012) · World Development · doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2011.11.018 · Cited by 836
Collective action for smallholder market access
Markelova, H., Meinzen-Dick, R., Hellin, J., & Dohrn, S. (2009) · Food Policy · doi:10.1016/j.foodpol.2008.10.001 · Cited by 829
Metadata
- Authors
- Verhofstadt, E., & Maertens, M.
- Venue
- Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2014-08-09
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 86-106
- ISSN
- 2040-5790 (ISSN-L)
- 2040-5804
- OpenAlex
- W2029588355
- Cited by
- 271
- References
- 44
- FWCI
- 26.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Can Agricultural Cooperatives Reduce Poverty? Heterogeneous Impact of Cooperative Membership on Farmers' Welfare in Rwanda. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1093/aepp/ppu021
- The paper
- Verhofstadt, E., & Maertens, M. (2015). Can Agricultural Cooperatives Reduce Poverty? Heterogeneous Impact of Cooperative Membership on Farmers' Welfare in Rwanda. Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy. https://doi.org/10.1093/aepp/ppu021
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
