Cited by 162Body Composition Measurement TechniquesNutrition and Health in AgingMuscle metabolism and nutrition

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Body composition in chronic undernutrition

Barac-Nieto, M, Spurr, GB, Lotero, H, Maksud, MG·1978·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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Abstract

Anthropometric (height, weight, and skinfolds), biochemical (serum proteins, albumin, and cholesterol), metabolic (nitrogen balance and creatinine excretion), hematological (plasma volume, hemoglobin, hematocrit, bone marrow hemosiderin, percent transferrin saturation, vitamin B12, and folic acid) variables and body water compartments (total and extracellular) have been measured in 49 adult male subjects who exhibited a wide range of nutritional states from normal to severely undernourished. Changes in body composition associated with moderate degrees of nutritional compromise were related principally to decreases in body cell mass (-15%). Body fat was normal. With severe nutritional involvement, both fat depots (-29%) and body cell mass (-29%) were significantly diminished. Muscle cell mass was more affected than other cells in the body (-41%). These data could indicate that in the group with moderate compromise, energy reserves (and hence energy balance) were maintained but dietary protein deficiencies were not compensated for. Both calorie and protein deficiencies were evident in the subjects with severe undernutrition. Multiple regression equations (r greater than 0.8) were developed that allow prediction of muscle cell mass, fat-free weight, and body cell mass from simple anthropometry and serum albumin levels. Decreases in serum albumin concentration were best related to deficits in muscle mass (r = 0.77).

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Authors: Barac-Nieto, M., Spurr, G., Lotero, H., & Maksud, M.
Affiliations: Medical College of Wisconsin (US)
Universidad del Valle (CR)
Corresponding author: Spurr, GB
ORCID: Lotero, H
Venue: The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 1978-01
Volume: 31
Issue: 1
Pages: 23-40
ISSN: 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/31.1.23
OpenAlex: W1951028754
Cited by: 162
References: 51
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 3
FWCI: 4.02
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Body Composition Measurement Techniques
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nutrition and Health in Aging
Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
Keywords: chronic malnutrition, body composition, body cell mass, muscle mass, fat-free mass, serum albumin, protein deficiency, energy balance, fat depots, nitrogen balance, hematological parameters, body water compartments, regression prediction equations
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Anthropometry, Blood Cells, Body Composition, Body Fluid Compartments, Body Water, Chronic Disease, Colombia, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Nutrition Disorders, Protein-Energy Malnutrition, Lipid Metabolism

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