Frailty syndrome and skeletal muscle: results from the Invecchiare in Chianti study
Open accessAbstract
Background Frailty is a common condition in elders and identifies a state of vulnerability for adverse health outcomes.Objective Our objective was to provide a biological face validity to the well-established definition of frailty proposed by Fried et al.Design Data are from the baseline evaluation of 923 participants aged > or =65 y enrolled in the Invecchiare in Chianti study. Frailty was defined by the presence of > or =3 of the following criteria: weight loss, exhaustion, low walking speed, low hand grip strength, and physical inactivity. Muscle density and the ratios of muscle area and fat area to total calf area were measured by using a peripheral quantitative computerized tomography (pQCT) scan. Analyses of covariance and logistic regressions were performed to evaluate the relations between frailty and pQCT measures.Results The mean age (+/-SD) of the study sample was 74.8 +/- 6.8 y, and 81 participants (8.8%) had > or =3 frailty criteria. Participants with no frailty criteria had significantly higher muscle density (71.1 mg/cm(3), SE = 0.2) and muscle area (71.2%, SE = 0.4) than did frail participants (69.8 mg/cm(3), SE = 0.4; and 68.7%, SE = 1.1, respectively). Fat area was significantly higher in frail participants (22.0%, SE = 0.9) than in participants with no frailty criteria (20.3%, SE = 0.4). Physical inactivity and low walking speed were the frailty criteria that showed the strongest associations with pQCT measures.Conclusion Frail subjects, identified by an easy and inexpensive frailty score, have lower muscle density and muscle mass and higher fat mass than do nonfrail persons.
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Insulin resistance could be worsened by pericellular fat accumulation directly and through increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF- and IL-6, which are associated with lower muscle mass and strength.
“Moreover, insulin resistance could be further worsened by the occurrence of pericellular fat accumulation both directly and through the increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF- and IL-6 that in turn have been associated with lower muscle mass and strength (14).”
From Discovering pathways of sarcopenia in older adults: a role for insulin resistance on mitochondria dysfunction (2011) · cites this paper as [14]
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- Authors
- Cesari, M., Leeuwenburgh, C., Lauretani, F., Onder, G., Bandinelli, S., Maraldi, C., Guralnik, J. M., Pahor, M., & Ferrucci, L.
- Affiliations
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Cesari, Matteo
- ORCID
- Venue
- The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2006-05
- Volume
- 83
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1142-1148
- ISSN
- 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2668161
- OpenAlex
- W2160104663
- Cited by
- 365
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 30
- FWCI
- 6.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- UCLA - Biblioteca de Ciencias de la Salud (submittedVersion)
- Institutional Research Information System University of Ferrara (University of Ferrara) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Ministero della Salute (263 MD 9164 13, N01-AG-5-0002, 263 MD 821336, 263 MD 9164)
- National Institutes of Health (Z99 AG999999)
- National Institute on Aging (N01 AG-5-0002)
- National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (263 MD 91614 13, 263MD 821336, R01MD009164)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Frailty in Older Adults
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Body Composition Measurement Techniques
- Keywords
- frailty, skeletal muscle, muscle density, muscle mass, fat mass, physical inactivity, older adults, Fried criteria, peripheral quantitative computed tomography
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Body Composition, Fatigue, Female, Health Status, Humans, Italy, Male, Motor Activity, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Weight Loss, Body Mass Index, Logistic Models, Walking, Frail Elderly, Muscle, Skeletal, Hand Strength
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