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Recall of Early Menstrual History and Menarcheal Body Size: After 30 Years, How Well Do Women Remember?
Abstract
The validity of recall of early menstrual characteristics is of interest because of their putative role in the etiology of breast cancer and other diseases. A retrospective follow-up of the Newton Girls Study (1965-1975) provided an opportunity to assess the accuracy and precision of recall of several early menstrual characteristics. In 1998-1999, 57 percent of the original 793 Newton Girls Study participants completed a mailed questionnaire to assess the accuracy of recall for age and body size at menarche, usual cycle length during the first 2 years, and age at regularity. Recalled and original age at menarche were highly correlated (r = 0.79, p < 0.001). The body mass index percentile at menarche was well correlated with recalled body size at menarche (r = 0.61, p < 0.001), but with some evidence of systematic bias. Overall, a woman's recall of menarcheal age and body size was better than recall of cycle length and occurrence of regularity. The failure to identify certain menstrual characteristics as exposures for subsequent disease may reflect limitations in the accuracy and precision of the recalled measures.
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“recalled age at menarche is valid40”
From Thirty new loci for age at menarche identified by a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (2010) · cites this paper as [40]
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“The validity of age at menarche reported retrospectively was examined in several studies (e.g., Cooper et al., 2006; Must et al., 2002).”
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Park, E. Y., Han, K. H., Chung, T., Kim, N. Y., Lee, J., Choi, S. J., & Kim, J.-K. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18010154 · Cited by 14
“Fourth, serum levels of hormones such as estrogen, luteinizing hormone, and follicular stimulating hormone were not included, although it has been reported that self-reported ages at menarche and menopause are highly correlated with menopause status as confirmed by estrogen levels [42].”
BackgroundEffect of Light Perception on Menarche in Blind Women
Flynn‐Evans, E. E., Stevens, R. G., Tabandeh, H., Schernhammer, E. S., & Lockley, S. W. (2009) · Ophthalmic Epidemiology · doi:10.1080/09286580902863056 · Cited by 14
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Characterization of Reproductive and Morphological Variables in Female Elite Futsal Players
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2D:4D finger length ratio and reproductive indices in a Chuvashian population
Kalichman, L., Анатольевич, Б. В., & Kobyliansky, E. (2013) · American Journal of Human Biology · doi:10.1002/ajhb.22420 · Cited by 13
“However, large-scale studies have suggested that recalled age at menarche, even decades later, seems to correspond rather well with the true age at menarche (Must et al., 2002).”
BackgroundAssociation analyses suggest the effects ofRANKandRANKLon age at menarche in Chinese women
Pan, R., Liu, Y., Deng, H., & Dvornyk, V. (2011) · Climacteric · doi:10.3109/13697137.2011.587556 · Cited by 13
Gomes, M. B., Negrato, C. A., & Calliari, L. E. (2014) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2014.10.009 · Cited by 13
“It is usually well recalled by adult women and is usually a reliable measure of pubertal initiation [1].”
BackgroundMaternal Pre-pregnancy BMI and Reproductive Health of Daughters in Young Adulthood
Mariansdatter, S. E., Ernst, A., Toft, G. V., Olsen, S. F., Vested, A., Kristensen, S. L., Hansen, M. L., & Ramlau‐Hansen, C. H. (2016) · Maternal and Child Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10995-016-2062-5 · Cited by 12
Campbell, B., Simpson, J. A., Bui, D., Lodge, C., Lowe, A. J., Matheson, M. C., Bowatte, G., Burgess, J. A., Hamilton, G. S., Leynaert, B., et al. (2019) · Respirology · doi:10.1111/resp.13643 · Cited by 12
Paige, J. S., Lee, C. I., Wang, P., Hsu, W. W. Y., Brentnall, A. R., Hoyt, A. C., Naeim, A., & Elmore, J. G. (2023) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-023-08043-4 · Cited by 12
Association between age at menarche and risk of myopia in the United States: NHANES 1999–2008
Lyu, I. J., & Oh, S. Y. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0285359 · Cited by 12
“Previously validity of age at menarche recalled was evaluated in several studies and presented correlation coefficients of 0.67 [24] and 0.79 [25].”
BackgroundInfluentialAzcorra, H., Rodríguez, L., Banik, S. D., Bogin, B. A., Dickinson, F., & Varela‐Silva, M. I. (2017) · American Journal of Human Biology · doi:10.1002/ajhb.23087 · Cited by 12
“79 in women older than 30 years of age (Casey et al., 1991; Damon & Bajema, 1974; Livson & McNeill, 1962; Must et al., 2002; Zarow & Chichocka, 2008).”
BackgroundInfluentialHoughton, L. C., Goldberg, M., Wei, Y., Cirillo, P. M., Cohn, B. A., Michels, K. B., & Terry, M. B. (2018) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2018.01.004 · Cited by 12
Does the age of seizure onset relate to menarche and does it matter?
Herzog, A. G., Mandle, H. B., & MacEachern, D. B. (2019) · Seizure · doi:10.1016/j.seizure.2019.03.018 · Cited by 12
Joint Associations of Actual Age and Genetically Determined Age at Menarche With Risk of Mortality
Liang, Z., Ma, H., Song, Q., Sun, D., Zhou, T., Heianza, Y., Chen, D., & Qi, L. (2021) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.15297 · Cited by 11
Yuan, Y., Bu, X., Xiao, M., Chen, L., Tang, W., Yuan, X., Ding, X., & Tang, X. (2022) · Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research · doi:10.1111/jog.15300 · Cited by 11
Is age at menarche associated with total mortality? The Tromsø Study
Lundblad, M. W., & Jacobsen, B. K. (2018) · International Journal of Women s Health · doi:10.2147/ijwh.s158706 · Cited by 11
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Yeung, S. L. A., Jiang, C., Cheng, K. K., Xu, L., Zhang, W., Lam, T. H., Leung, G. M., & Schooling, C. M. (2017) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2017.09.040 · Cited by 11
“Second, age at menarche was based on recall although high correlations between recalled and actual age at menarche have been found (Must et al., 2002).”
BackgroundEarly menarche is independently associated with subclinical hypothyroidism: a cross-sectional study
Kotopouli, M., Stratigou, T., Antonakos, G., Christodoulatos, G. S., Karampela, Ι., & Dalamaga, Μ. (2019) · Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1515/hmbci-2018-0079 · Cited by 11
Association Between Duration of Reproductive Years and Metabolic Syndrome
Park, Y. C., Lee, T. S., Kang, H., Cho, E. S., Kim, J. S., Hwang, Y. J., & Kim, J.-K. (2017) · Journal of Women s Health · doi:10.1089/jwh.2017.6364 · Cited by 11
Impact of adolescent pregnancy on hypertension in postmenopausal women
Park, J. S., Jung, I., Youn, J., & Cho, H. Y. (2015) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0000000000000747 · Cited by 10
“However, several studies have confirmed that recall of reproductive history is valid and reliable [33,34].”
BackgroundDuan, P., Wang, Z., Liu, J., Wang, L.-N., Yang, Z., & Tu, P. (2015) · BMC Women s Health · doi:10.1186/s12905-015-0192-3 · Cited by 10
“It is reported that the accuracy of long-term recall of AAM and AANM varied from 70% to 84% [43,44].”
BackgroundElsehely, I., Hafez, H. A., Ghonem, M., Fathi, A., & Elzehery, R. R. (2017) · Diabetes & Metabolism Journal · doi:10.4093/dmj.2017.41.2.146 · Cited by 10
“However, menarche is a major physiological event, and age of menarche is memorable for many years [17].”
BackgroundAttard, C. C., Cameron‐Pimblett, A., Puri, D., Rosa, C. L., Talaulikar, V. S., Davies, M. C., Learner, H. I., Liao, L., & Conway, G. S. (2020) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/cen.14271 · Cited by 10
Early-life exposures and age at thelarche in the Sister Study cohort
Goldberg, M., D’Aloisio, A. A., O’Brien, K. M., Zhao, S., & Sandler, D. P. (2021) · Breast Cancer Research · doi:10.1186/s13058-021-01490-z · Cited by 10
“Associations of early-life exposures with early and late age at menarche, which previous studies have shown is reliably reported into adulthood [66] and is correlated with age at thelarche [64], were similar to the associations we observed with early and late thelarche, which suggests that measurement error in recalle…”
ResultReliability of a Questionnaire for Women's Reproductive History
Ko, K., Park, S. K., Kim, Y.-J., Bae, J., Jun, J. K., Gwack, J., & Yoo, K. (2008) · Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health · doi:10.3961/jpmph.2008.41.3.181 · Cited by 10
“0*i;£(=3⁄4äå4 5 * %èJ ̈© *i [13-16]; £ 0.”
An, H., Liu, X., Li, Z., Zhang, L., Zhang, Y., Liu, J., Ye, R., & Li, N. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Hypertension · doi:10.1111/jch.14737 · Cited by 9
“37 Then this large historical cohort study was prospectively conducted 20 years ago, when sociodemographic characteristics, dietary patterns and lifestyle of the included population might be different from those in the contemporary period.”
BackgroundPubertal timing: A life course pathway linking early life risk to adulthood cardiometabolic health
Bleil, M. E., Appelhans, B. M., Gregorich, S. E., Hiatt, R. A., Roisman, G. I., & Booth‐LaForce, C. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0299433 · Cited by 9
Malin, A. J., Busgang, S. A., Garcia, J. C., Bose, S., & Sanders, A. P. (2021) · Exposure and Health · doi:10.1007/s12403-021-00448-y · Cited by 9
Tai, A., Lin, R., Lin, Y.-C., Wang, C., Lin, S., & Imoto, S. (2022) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/deac136 · Cited by 10
“For the first issue, two cohort studies in the USA (Must et al. , 2002) and the UK (Cooper et al. , 2006) indicated that the correlation be-tween original and recalled age at menarche remained high, with correlation coefficients of 0.66–0.79.”
InfluentialMao, Y., Lian, Q., Zuo, X., Zhang, Y., LUO, S. H., Zhang, S., Tu, X., Lou, C., & Zhou, W. (2018) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016799 · Cited by 9
“FFI has been considered a valid and reliable method 26 for measuring menarcheal age based on long-term 28–31 and short-term recalls.”
Calthorpe, L. M., Gigante, D. P., Horta, B. L., & Ong, K. K. (2020) · Annals of Human Biology · doi:10.1080/03014460.2020.1715476 · Cited by 9
“AAM is reported to be accurately recalled in other populations (Koo and Rohan 1997; Bosetti et al. 2001; Must et al. 2002) but such data are lacking in Brazil or other economic transition settings.”
BackgroundApril-Sanders, A., Tehranifar, P., Lee, E. J., Suglia, S. F., Rodriguez, C. B., & McDonald, J. A. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18084080 · Cited by 9
“Likewise, we relied on women recalling their age at menarche; however, women’s recall of menarcheal age in the midlife has been shown to be generally reliable even in mid- to late-adult life and was validated in previous studies [85].”
MethodAge at Menarche in Childhood Cancer Survivors: Results of a Nationwide Survey in Germany
Wessel, T., Balcerek, M., Reinmuth, S., Hohmann, C., Keil, T. O. P., Henze, G., & Borgmann‐Staudt, A. (2012) · Hormone Research in Paediatrics · doi:10.1159/000336688 · Cited by 9
CYP17 MspA1 Polymorphism and Age at Menarche: A Meta‐Analysis
Pei, Y., Zhang, L., Deng, H., & Dvornyk, V. (2008) · Disease Markers · doi:10.1155/2008/403982 · Cited by 9
“As was recently showed, after 30 years, about 79 percent of women may recall their AAM with accuracy of within one year of original menarche [52].”
BackgroundAssociation of aromatase ( TTTA )n repeat polymorphisms with central precocious puberty in girls
Lee, H. S., Kim, K., & Hwang, J. S. (2014) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/cen.12439 · Cited by 9
Farr, S. L., Cooper, G. S., Cal, J., Savitz, D. A., & Sandler, D. P. (2005) · Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey · doi:10.1097/01.ogx.0000162698.75899.e9 · Cited by 9
Adegbayi, A. (2019) · International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health · doi:10.1515/ijamh-2017-0023 · Cited by 8
Lin, Y., Yen, H., Wang, C., Liao, Y., & Lin, R. (2023) · Pediatrics & Neonatology · doi:10.1016/j.pedneo.2023.07.001 · Cited by 8
Lund, C. I., Rosseland, L. A., Steingrímsdóttir, Ó. A., Engdahl, B., Stubhaug, A., Furberg, A., & Nielsen, C. S. (2024) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003333 · Cited by 8
Lai, T. C., Leung, G. M., & Schooling, C. M. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0159855 · Cited by 8
Age at menarche and heart failure risk: The EPIC-NL study
Plompen, M. V. L., van der Schouw, Y. T., Rutten, F. H., Verschuren, W. M. M., Boer, J. M. A., Asselbergs, F. W., & Onland‐Moret, N. C. (2019) · Maturitas · doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2019.10.003 · Cited by 8
Hu, Z., Chen, L., Wang, X., Zhang, L., Chen, Z., Zheng, C., Cao, X., Song, Y., Zhou, H., Tian, Y., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2022.898608 · Cited by 8
“However, previous studies have reported that the recall of age at menarche (27, 28) and menopause is relatively accurate (29, 30).”
BackgroundChen, J., Yan, M., Suolang, D., Han, M., Baima, Y., Mi, F., Chen, L., Guan, H., Cai, H., Zhao, X., et al. (2023) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.122.027544 · Cited by 8
“43 The “recall bias” is small.”
Heys, M., Jiang, C., Cheng, K. K., Zhang, W., Lam, T. H., Leung, G. M., & Schooling, C. M. (2010) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2010.06.011 · Cited by 8
Lai, T. C., Yeung, S. L. A., Lin, S. L., Leung, G. M., & Schooling, C. M. (2016) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/ede.0000000000000448 · Cited by 8
Benny, P. A., Yang, Q., Wong, B. W.-X., Zhang, C., Yong, E., Li, L., & Huang, Z. (2025) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-025-04145-4 · Cited by 7
“As with all human participant research studies, there is a limitation of patient recall, although it has been reported that women will tend to remember their age at menarche as it marks a significant life event [46–48].”
Reproductive factors and risk of physical frailty among Chinese women living in Singapore
Ho, V., Chua, K. Y., Song, X., Jin, A., & Koh, W. (2024) · The journal of nutrition health & aging · doi:10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100226 · Cited by 7
Final Height and Cardiometabolic Outcomes in Young Adults with Very Low Birth Weight (<1500 g)
Sato, R., Maekawa, M., Genma, R., Shirai, K., Ohki, S., Morita, H., Suda, T., & Watanabe, H. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0112286 · Cited by 7
“The age at puberty onset, in particular, may be subject to recall bias, although the extent of recall bias should be reduced in females because the age at menarche is a significant event [40].”
BackgroundNeighborhood-Level Poverty at Menarche and Prepregnancy Obesity in African-American Women
Cassidy‐Bushrow, A. E., Peters, R. M., Burmeister, C., Bielak, L. F., & Johnson, D. A. (2016) · Journal of Pregnancy · doi:10.1155/2016/4769121 · Cited by 7
Variation in levels of AMH among Maya and non‐Maya women in Campeche, Mexico
Kyweluk, M. A., Sievert, L. L., Gómez, L. H., Cahuich‐Campos, D., McDade, T. W., & Brown, D. E. (2018) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.23627 · Cited by 7
Mardiati, E., Komara, I., Halim, H., & Maskoen, A. M. (2021) · The Open Dentistry Journal · doi:10.2174/1874210602115010228 · Cited by 7
Age at menarche and pregnancy‐related pelvic pain
Kirkeby, M. J., Biering, K., Olsen, J., Juhl, M., & Nohr, E. A. (2013) · Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research · doi:10.1111/jog.12008 · Cited by 7
“Imprecision in recall of age at menarche may lead to underestimation of the association, but we expect this problem to be small as other studies have shown good recall over this age span.(39,40) Further, the women were given the opportunity to provide a school grade, if they could not recall their age at menarche.”
ResultBriskiewicz, B. L., Barreto, S. M., do Amaral, J. F., Diniz, M. D. F. H. S., Molina, M. D. C. B., Matos, S. M. A., Cardoso, L. D. O., Velásquez-Meléndez, G., Schmidt, M. I., & Giatti, L. (2018) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980017004256 · Cited by 7
“for age at menarche is much less probable because this event is a very important experience for teenagers; furthermore, a study showed that real and reported age at menarche did not differ after 33 years((66)).”
BackgroundBone density and frame size in adult women: Effects of body size, habitual use, and life history
Lee, K. M. N., Rogers, M. P., Galbarczyk, A., Grazyna Jasienska, A., & Clancy, K. B. H. (2020) · American Journal of Human Biology · doi:10.1002/ajhb.23502 · Cited by 7
Tinano, F. R., Machado, I. F. R., Latronico, A. C., & Gomes, L. G. (2025) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1681-24.2024 · Cited by 8
Klimek, M., Entringer, S., Matras, A., Blukacz, M., Nenko, I., Galbarczyk, A., & Grazyna Jasienska, A. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-36226-w · Cited by 6
Chen, J., Liang, X., Wang, Y., Dejiquzong, Zhang, Y., Chen, L., Liu, Q., & Zhao, X. (2024) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-024-20628-0 · Cited by 6
“Nevertheless, studies have indicated that factors like reproductive history are closely related to their true values [66, 67], and recall bias for recent events such as age at menopause might be smaller.”
Chen, L., Lu, X., Wang, X., Zheng, C., Cao, X., Cai, J., Tian, Y., Gu, R., 张, 林., & Wang, Z. (2025) · Journal of Global Health · doi:10.7189/jogh.15.04154 · Cited by 6
“However, previous studies have shown that the recall of menarche [ 44 , 45 ] and menopause age is relatively accurate [ 46 , 47 ].”
Three Common Variants of LEP, NPY1R and GPR54 Show No Association with Age at Menarche
Rothenbühler, A., Lotton, C., & Fradin, D. D. (2009) · Hormone Research in Paediatrics · doi:10.1159/000223417 · Cited by 6
Secular Trends and Socioeconomic Differentials in Menarcheal Age for South Korean Women.
Chun, H., & Shin, E. (2018) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 6
Zhao, L., Yang, H., & Liu, G. (2020) · Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research · doi:10.1111/jog.14499 · Cited by 6
Age at Menarche, Growth Velocity, and Adiposity Indices in Italian Girls Aged 10 to 14
Gualdi‐Russo, E., Rinaldo, N., Mazzoni, G., Mandini, S., Masotti, S., Toselli, S., & Zaccagni, L. (2022) · Children · doi:10.3390/children9121928 · Cited by 6
Wang, G., Shao, W., Chen, X., Zheng, C., Zhang, B., & Zhang, W. (2023) · Annals of Human Biology · doi:10.1080/03014460.2023.2184866 · Cited by 6
“(Must et al. 2002).”
Age at Introduction of Solid Food and Obesity Throughout the Life Course
Tahir, M. J., Michels, K. B., Willett, W. C., & Forman, M. R. (2018) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.22277 · Cited by 6
“22,23,43 Aside from the potential recall bias associated with the outcome, there is also a possibility of misclassification of nurses into body somatotypes that may not look different.”
Ye, H., Maessen, S. E., Dong, G., Huang, K., Wu, W., Liang, L., Wang, C. L., Chen, X., Gibbins, J. D., Cutfield, W. S., et al. (2019) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/cen.13948 · Cited by 6
Age at menarche in Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a look at changes since 1960s
Nishikawa-Nakamura, N., Kawamura, T., Nakamichi, T., Yuyama, Y., Hotta, Y., Hashimura, K., Hashimoto, T., Hirose, M., Higashide, T., & Hamazaki, T. (2022) · Endocrine Journal · doi:10.1507/endocrj.ej21-0533 · Cited by 5
“Although a previ‐ ous study showed a high correlation between recall and original age at menarche even after 30 years [20], we cannot rule out recall bias as a limitation.”
BackgroundMother's age at menarche is associated with odds of preterm delivery: A case–control study
Chen, Y., Zhang, M., Wang, G., Hong, X., Wang, X., & Mueller, N. T. (2023) · BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/1471-0528.17648 · Cited by 6
Li, K., Yin, J., Qin, Z., Ma, B., He, R., Duoji, Z., Wang, Z., Liu, Q., & Zhao, X. (2023) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2023.107776 · Cited by 5
Critical menarche age for late-life dementia and the role of education and socioeconomic status
Moza, S., Scarmeas, N., Yannakoulia, M., Dardiotis, E., Hadjigeorgiou, G. M., Sakka, P., & Kosmidis, M. H. (2024) · Aging Neuropsychology and Cognition · doi:10.1080/13825585.2024.2386314 · Cited by 5
“…some inaccuracies in self-reported ages and there are studies reporting moderate accuracy of recall (e.g., Cooper et al., 2006), many studies have found that the recall of these milestones is generally reliable and valid over long periods, even in older age (Bean et al., 1979; Must et al., 2002).”
Early‐life menstrual characteristics and gestational diabetes in a large US cohort
Wang, Z., Baird, D. D., Williams, M. A., Jukic, A. M. Z., Wilcox, A. J., Curry, C. L., Fischer‐Colbrie, T., Onnela, J.-P. “., Hauser, R. B., Coull, B. A., et al. (2024) · Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology · doi:10.1111/ppe.13129 · Cited by 6
Atsma, F., van der Schouw, Y. T., Grobbee, D. E., Kors, J. A., & Bartelink, M.-L. E. L. (2009) · Maturitas · doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2009.06.001 · Cited by 5
Age at Menarche and Gallstone Disease in Middle-Aged Women
Ryu, S., Chang, Y., Choi, Y., Kwon, M., Yun, K. E., Jung, H.-S., Kim, B.-K., Kim, Y. J., Kim, K. H., Cho, J., et al. (2016) · Reproductive Sciences · doi:10.1177/1933719116638187 · Cited by 5
“However, it has been demonstrated that age at menarche is usually well recalled into adulthood, with age at menarche assessed by recall during adulthood exhibiting a high correlation with prospectively assessed childhood data.(2,44) In addition, measurement errors are likely but could be nondifferential, which would m…”
BackgroundMethodEarly menarche and new onset of asthma: Results from the SAPALDIA cohort study
Hansen, S. M., Probst-Hensch, N. M., Bettschart, R. W., Pons, M., Leynaert, B., Real, F. G., Rochat, T., Dratva, J., Schneider, C., Keidel, D., et al. (2017) · Maturitas · doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2017.04.012 · Cited by 5
Age at menarche and the risk of operative delivery
Chong, H. P., Frøen, J. F., Richardson, S. T., Liquet, B., Jones, D. S., & Smith, G. C. S. (2017) · The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine · doi:10.1080/14767058.2017.1381823 · Cited by 5
“However, a previous US study found a strong correlation between actual age at menarche and the age recalled 30 years later [17].”
BackgroundAssociation of twins' sex discordance and age at menarche
Jahanfar, S., & Walters, H. L. (2019) · Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics · doi:10.1007/s00404-019-05088-x · Cited by 5
Age at menarche in Seveso daughters exposed in utero to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
Warner, M., Rauch, S. A., Ames, J., Mocarelli, P., Brambilla, P., & Eskenazi, B. (2020) · Environmental Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/ee9.0000000000000111 · Cited by 5
Recalled Age at Menarche: A Follow-up to the Michigan State University Motor Performance Study
Siegel, S. R., True, L. K., Pfeiffer, K. A., Wilson, J. D., Martin, E., Branta, C. F., Pacewicz, C. E., & Battista, R. A. (2020) · Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science · doi:10.1080/1091367x.2020.1769633 · Cited by 5
Timing of Sexual Maturation and Women’s Evaluation of Men
Belles, S., Kunde, W., & Neumann, R. (2010) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167210366305 · Cited by 5
“It is known that self-reported age at menarche is a robust measure of actual age at menarche, which renders it unlikely that self-report is biased by the experimental manipulations we introduced (e.g., Damon & Bajema, 1974; Must et al., 2002).”
BackgroundEvaluation of Age at Menarche and Relevant Factors in Physically Active Iranian Girls
Kabir, A., Torkan, F., & Hakemi, L. (2007) · Cited by 5
The Causal Impact of Women's Age at Marriage on Domestic Violence in IndiaPreprint
Dhamija, G., & Roychowdhury, P. (2018) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3180601 · Cited by 5
Association between age at menarche and cardiometabolic risk among Samoan adults
Oyama, S., Duckham, R. L., Pomer, A., Rivara, A. C., Kershaw, E. E., Wood, A. N., Fidow, U. T., Naseri, T. K., Reupena, M. S., Viali, S., et al. (2023) · American Journal of Human Biology · doi:10.1002/ajhb.23982 · Cited by 4
Chen, T., Mao, D., Chen, L.-L., Tang, W., & Ding, X. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14081610 · Cited by 4
Metadata
- Authors
- Must, A.
- Affiliations
- Tufts University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Must, A.
- ORCID
- Must, A.
- Venue
- American Journal of Epidemiology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2002-04-01
- Volume
- 155
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 672-679
- ISSN
- 0002-9262 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2034939744
- Cited by
- 506
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 29 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 6.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Epidemiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P30DK046200, DK46200.)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Risks and Factors
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Epidemiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Menopause: Health Impacts and Treatments
- Keywords
- menarche, recall accuracy, age at menarche, menstrual cycle length, breast cancer etiology
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Age Factors, Body Height, Body Image, Body Weight, Female, Humans, Menarche, Menstruation, Mental Recall, Retrospective Studies, Bias, Body Mass Index, Linear Models, Statistics, Nonparametric
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