The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Easy SAS Calculations for Risk or Prevalence Ratios and Differences
Abstract
We would like to make the readership aware that risk or prevalence ratios and differences, when they are the parameter of interest, can be directly calculated by using SAS software (SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, North Carolina). There is no longer any good justification for fitting logistic regression models and estimating odds ratios when the odds ratio is not a good approximation of the risk or prevalence ratio. Instead, SAS PROC GENMOD's log-binomial regression (1) capability can be used for estimation and inference about the parameter of interest. Here is an example of the code required to analyze the breast cancer survival data discussed by Greenland (2):from which the multivariate-adjusted risk ratios are 1.5583 (95 percent confidence interval: 1.0487, 2.3155), 2.5382 (95 percent confidence interval: 1.1734, 5.4903), and 5.8680 (95 percent confidence interval: 2.7458, 12.5406) for receptor, stage2, and stage3, respectively. The results from the SAS output are given without rounding to allow replication by the reader.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cited by
Pan, A., Liu, L., Wang, C., Guo, H., Hao, X., Wang, Q., Huang, J., He, N., Yu, H., Lin, X., et al. (2020) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2020.6130 · Cited by 1,931
Aflibercept, Bevacizumab, or Ranibizumab for Diabetic Macular Edema
Wells, J. A., Glassman, A. R., Ayala, A. R., Jampol, L. M., Bressler, N. M., Bressler, S. B., Brucker, A. J., Ferris, F. L., Hampton, G. R., Jhaveri, C., et al. (2016) · Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2016.02.022 · Cited by 1,051
Muller, C. J., & MacLehose, R. F. (2014) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyu029 · Cited by 775
Moore, L. V., Diez Roux, A. V., Nettleton, J. A., & Jacobs, D. R. (2008) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwm394 · Cited by 563
Durkin, M. S., Maenner, M. J., Meaney, F. J., Levy, S. E., DiGuiseppi, C., Nicholas, J. S., Kirby, R. S., Pinto-Martin, J. A., & Schieve, L. A. (2010) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0011551 · Cited by 509
Metadata
- Authors
- Spiegelman, D.
- Venue
- American Journal of Epidemiology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2005-06-29
- Volume
- 162
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 199-200
- ISSN
- 0002-9262 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-6256
- OpenAlex
- W2137635384
- Cited by
- 1,738
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 52.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Easy SAS Calculations for Risk or Prevalence Ratios and Differences. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1093/aje/kwi188
- The paper
- Spiegelman, D. (2005). Easy SAS Calculations for Risk or Prevalence Ratios and Differences. American Journal of Epidemiology. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwi188
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
