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Exposure to Diesel and Gasoline Engine Emissions and the Risk of Lung Cancer
Abstract
Pollution from motor vehicles constitutes a major environmental health problem. The present paper describes associations between diesel and gasoline engine emissions and lung cancer, as evidenced in a 1979-1985 population-based case-control study in Montreal, Canada. Cases were 857 male lung cancer patients. Controls were 533 population controls and 1,349 patients with other cancer types. Subjects were interviewed to obtain a detailed lifetime job history and relevant data on potential confounders. Industrial hygienists translated each job description into indices of exposure to several agents, including engine emissions. There was no evidence of excess risks of lung cancer with exposure to gasoline exhaust. For diesel engine emissions, results differed by control group. When cancer controls were considered, there was no excess risk. When population controls were studied, the odds ratios, after adjustments for potential confounders, were 1.2 (95% confidence interval: 0.8, 1.8) for any exposure and 1.6 (95% confidence interval: 0.9, 2.8) for substantial exposure. Confidence intervals between risk estimates derived from the two control groups overlapped considerably. These results provide some limited support for the hypothesis of an excess lung cancer risk due to diesel exhaust but no support for an increase in risk due to gasoline exhaust.
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“Using different controls in case control studies22 has similar underlying principles to those described above for cross-context studies, but here differences in exposure misclassification (rather than confounding structures) is the most common use of this approach.22–24”
From Triangulation in aetiological epidemiology (2017) · cites this paper as [24]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Parent, M.-E., Rousseau, M.-C., Boffetta, P., Cohen, A., & Siemiatycki, J.
- Affiliations
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (CA)
- Centre international de recherche sur le cancer (FR)
- Health Effects Institute (US)
- Université de Montréal (CA)
- Venue
- American Journal of Epidemiology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2006-10-13
- Volume
- 165
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 53-62
- ISSN
- 0002-9262 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-6256
- OpenAlex
- W2106101493
- Cited by
- 110
- References
- 70
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 3.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Epidemiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Health Effects Institute
- Health Canada
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Occupational and environmental lung diseases
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Carcinogens and Genotoxicity Assessment
- Keywords
- diesel exhaust, gasoline engine exhaust, lung cancer, occupational exposure, vehicle emissions, cancer risk
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Air Pollutants, Occupational, Vehicle Emissions, Gasoline, Health Surveys, Humans, Lung Neoplasms, Male, Middle Aged, Quebec, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk Factors, Case-Control Studies, Occupational Exposure, Risk Assessment, Motor Vehicles
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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