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Antibody-mediated thyroid dysfunction during T-cell checkpoint blockade in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer
Open accessAbstract
Background Programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) blockade therapies have demonstrated durable responses and prolonged survival in a variety of malignancies. Treatment is generally well tolerated although immune-related adverse events (irAEs) can occur. Autoimmune thyroid dysfunction is among the most common irAE, but an assessment of the clinical, mechanistic, and immunologic features has not been previously described.Patient and methods Patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with pembrolizumab at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (n = 51) as part of KEYNOTE-001 (NCT01295827) were included. Thyroid function test and anti-thyroid antibodies were assessed prospectively at each study visit, beginning before the first treatment. Frequency of development of thyroid dysfunction, association with anti-thyroid antibodies, clinical course, and relationship with progression-free survival and overall survival to treatment with pembrolizumab was evaluated.Results Of 51 patients treated, 3 were hypothyroid and 48 were not at baseline. Ten of 48 [21%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 10% to 35%] patients developed thyroid dysfunction requiring thyroid replacement. Anti-thyroid antibodies were present in 8 of 10 patients who developed thyroid dysfunction, compared with 3 of 38 who did not (80% versus 8%, P < 0.0001). Thyroid dysfunction occurred early (median, 42 days) in the pembrolizumab course, and a majority (6 of 10 patients) experienced brief, transient hyperthyroidism preceding the onset of hypothyroidism; no persistent hyperthyroidism occurred. Both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism were largely asymptomatic. Overall survival with pembrolizumab was significantly longer in subjects who developed thyroid dysfunction (hazard ratio, 0.29; 95% CI 0.09-0.94; P = 0.04).Conclusions Thyroid dysfunction during pembrolizumab treatment of NSCLC is common and is characterized by early-onset, frequently preceded by transient hyperthyroidism, closely associated with anti-thyroid antibodies, and may be associated with improved outcomes. The presence of antibody-mediated toxicity in T-cell-directed therapy suggests an under-recognized impact of PD-1 biology in modulating humoral immunity.
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“Two retrospective and two prospective studies reported that positive TPOAb and/or thyroglobulin autoantibodies (TgAb) are associated with a 40 to 70% risk of hypothyroidism during treatment”
From Graves’ Disease during Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy (A Case Series and Literature Review) (2021) · cites this paper as [56]
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“and that patients who had ICPi-induced hypothyroidism had positive anti-thyroid autoantibodies in 75 to 100% of cases [54,55,56,57].”
From Graves’ Disease during Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy (A Case Series and Literature Review) (2021) · cites this paper as [56]
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“Note that in the Osorio study [56], survival was better if patients developed ICPi-induced thyroid dysfunction”
From Graves’ Disease during Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy (A Case Series and Literature Review) (2021) · cites this paper as [56]
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Immune checkpoint inhibitor induced thyroid dysfunction is a frequent event post-treatment in NSCLC
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“In addition, complex autoimmune diseases, including autoimmune thyroiditis, often occur when PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors are used in targeted therapy for cancer treatment (24, 25).”
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“Additionally, beyond T-cell-mediated immunity, anti-PD-L1 therapy could modulate humoral immunity by increasing levels of preexisting antibodies (Osorio et al., 2017) (e.g. antithyroid antibodies).”
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“It can be argued that patients classi fi ed as non-IRAE could develop IRAEs in the future.”
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“Some authors suggested that a previously existing latent thyroid autoimmunity in some patients could be unmasked by the start of antiPD-1 antibodies [6].”
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“Three prospective studies [12,17,20] have also demonstrated survival advantage of thyroid irAEs; consistent with most retrospective data (Table 1).”
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España, S., de, A. P.-M., Marqués-Pamies, M., Cucurull, M., Doménech, M., Velarde, J. M., Salinas, I., Morán, T., & Etxániz, O. (2020) · Translational Lung Cancer Research · doi:10.21037/tlcr.2019.12.17 · Cited by 16
“Incidence of EIR-AE varies widely depending on the studies, since they have been related to both the tumor type and the type of IOA administered (12-14).”
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“The antibodies appear soon after anti-PD-1 drug administration, suggesting that the therapy probably unveils a thyroid inflammation that existed prior to the therapy but in a latent form [27].”
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Immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated gastritis: Patterns and management
Lin, J., Lin, Z.-Q., Zheng, S., & Chen, Y. (2024) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v30.i14.1941 · Cited by 15
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Pembrolizumab-induced Pure Red Cell Aplasia Successfully Treated with Intravenous Immunoglobulin
Isoda, A., Miyazawa, Y., Tahara, K., Mihara, M., Saito, A., Matsumoto, M., & Sawamura, M. (2020) · Internal Medicine · doi:10.2169/internalmedicine.4467-20 · Cited by 14
“In addition, some clinical studies have shown that PD-1 antagonists can contribute to the production of pathogenic autoantibodies against thyroid (21) and muscle tissues (22).”
BackgroundWei, Q., Yuan, X., Li, J., Xu, Q., & Ying, J. (2020) · Translational Cancer Research · doi:10.21037/tcr-20-1333 · Cited by 13
“This may be related to the possibility that PD-1 inhibitors may modulate the immune balance and stimulate their own immune potential (32).”
BackgroundToxicities of Immunotherapy for Small Cell Lung Cancer
Fu, Y., Zheng, Y., Wang, P., & Ding, Z. (2021) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2021.603658 · Cited by 14
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Programmed cell death-1 and programmed cell death ligand-1 antibodies-induced dysthyroidism
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“…study of 51 patients with NSCLC treated with pembrolizumab, showed that thyroid dysfunction was closely associated with thyroid antibodies with 80% of thyroiditis patients (8 out of 10) having thyroid antibodies, suggesting a modulating effect of PD-1 antibodies on humoral immunity (86).”
BackgroundLui, D. T. W., Lee, C., Tang, V., Fong, C. H. Y., Lee, A. C. H., Chiu, J. W. Y., Leung, R. C. Y., Kwok, G. W., Li, B. C. W., Cheung, T. T., et al. (2021) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.1016/j.eprac.2021.01.017 · Cited by 14
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“Aside from melanoma lesions, we also assessed the thyroid gland, whose dysfunction is a frequent endocrine irAE induced by PD-1 inhibitors [52,53], as well as primary and secondary lymphoid organs, given the critical impact of systemic immune responses for effective cancer immunotherapy [54].”
BackgroundHwang, S. Y., Zavareh, M. S. R., Attia, A. M., Kaymen, E. A., Tran, N. H., Abou‐Alfa, G. K., Parikh, N. D., Singal, A. G., & Yang, J. D. (2025) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.14309/ajg.0000000000003546 · Cited by 15
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“This mechanism is particularly evident in irAEs such as thyroid dysfunction, where affected patients often exhibit elevated levels of anti-thyroid autoantibodies (88).”
Immune checkpoint blockade for advanced non-small cell lung cancer: challenging clinical scenarios
Tay, R. Y., Prelaj, A., & Califano, R. (2018) · Journal of Thoracic Disease · doi:10.21037/jtd.2018.01.80 · Cited by 13
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“In patients with NSCLC, ICI-induced thyroiditis was found to be associated with the positive efficacy of nivolumab [24, 25]; however, the association between ICI-induced hypopituitarism and prognosis in patients with RCC is still unknown.”
BackgroundSayer, M. R., Mambetsariev, I., Lu, K., Wong, C. W., Duche, A., Beuttler, R., Fricke, J., Pharoan, R., Arvanitis, L. D., Eftekhari, Z., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2023.1064169 · Cited by 13
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Toxicity of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Considerations for the Surgeon
Helmink, B. A., Roland, C. L., Kiernan, C. M., & Wargo, J. A. (2020) · Annals of Surgical Oncology · doi:10.1245/s10434-019-08183-0 · Cited by 13
“This would be supported by increased rates of irAEs in patients with known mild or quiescent autoimmune disease or irAEs resulting from activities of preexisting antibodies (thyroid disorders).(1,14) However, not all patients with preexisting autoimmune disease experience flares when treated with ICIs.”
BackgroundChen, V. E., Greenberger, B. A., Taylor, J. M., Edelman, M. J., & Lü, B. (2020) · International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics · doi:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.03.022 · Cited by 13
Endocrine Adverse Events Related with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: An Update for Clinicians
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Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors as a Threat to the Hypothalamus–Pituitary Axis: A Completed Puzzle
Barnabei, A., Corsello, A., Paragliola, R. M., Iannantuono, G. M., Falzone, L., Corsello, S. M., & Torino, F. (2022) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers14041057 · Cited by 12
“Finally, it has been suggested that the development of the pituitary [82,83] or thyroid [84,85] dysfunction is associated with better outcomes after ICI treatment [86,87].”
BackgroundLee, H. J., Manavalan, A. D., Stefan–Lifshitz, M., Schechter, C. B., Maity, A., & Tomer, Y. (2023) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2023.1169173 · Cited by 12
Genta, S., Lajkosz, K., Yee, N., Spiliopoulou, P., Heirali, A., Hansen, A. R., Siu, L. L., Saibil, S. D., Stayner, L.-A., Yanekina, M., et al. (2023) · Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1186/s13046-023-02851-6 · Cited by 12
“While several studies support the use of pre-ICI anti-thyroid antibodies to predict the risk of thyroiditis [42, 43], no clear correlation has been identified between other types of tissue specific AutoAb and organ toxicity.”
ResultHuman inherited PD-L1 deficiency is clinically and immunologically less severe than PD-1 deficiency.
Johnson, M. B., Ogishi, M., Domingo‐Vila, C., Franco, E. D., Wakeling, M. N., Imane, Z., Resnick, B., Williams, E., Galão, R. P., Caswell, R. C., et al. (2024) · PubMed Central · doi:10.1084/jem.20231704 · Cited by 16
Oğuz, S. H., Ünlütürk, U., Aksoy, S., & Erbas, T. A. (2021) · Immunotherapy · doi:10.2217/imt-2021-0061 · Cited by 12
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Radiation recall pneumonitis induced by nivolumab in a patient with renal cell carcinoma
Nakamura, K. D., Okubo, K., Takahashi, T., Mitsumori, K., Ishigaki, T., & Ohnishi, H. (2018) · IJU Case Reports · doi:10.1002/iju5.12032 · Cited by 12
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“[13-15] However, the frequency thyroiditis is higher for PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor therapy compared with CTLA-4 inhibitor monotherapy or CTLA-4 inhibitor and PD-1/PD-L1 combination therapy in melanoma and NSCLC patients.[13,16] CTLA-4 expression in a normal pituitary gland and increased cytokine IL-17 may be responsible fo…”
BackgroundCase Report: Cardiac Toxicity Associated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Chen, R., Peng, L., Qiu, Z., Wang, Y., Wei, F., Zhou, M., & Zhu, F. (2021) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2021.727445 · Cited by 11
“There has also been an increasing number of reports regarding irAEs with the autoantibody profiles traditionally associated with autoimmune diseases, such as myositis (20), hypothyroidism (21), dermatitis (22, 23), and nephritis (24).”
BackgroundDrug-related immune-mediated myelopathies
Gritsch, D., & Valencia-Sánchez, C. (2022) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2022.1003270 · Cited by 12
“In addition, it has been suggested that ICI treatment induced immune activation may unmask dormant autoimmune disorders that previously remained subclinical (56, 59).”
BackgroundChen, Z., Zheng, W., Wu, C., Kou, J., Yang, X., Lin, L. C., Lv, J., Sun, Y. H., & Zhou, G. (2023) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-022-02697-3 · Cited by 12
“A notable advantage of our study over previous studies is our relatively large sample size [13, 15, 32, 34].”
ResultZhao, P., Li, J., Yu, L., Ma, W., & Zhao, T. (2025) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2025.1581057 · Cited by 11
Willsmore, Z. N., Booth, L. H., Patel, A. J., Meo, A. D., Prassas, I., Chauhan, J., Wu, Y., Fitzpartick, A., Stoker, K., Kapiris, M., et al. (2025) · Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer · doi:10.1136/jitc-2025-011682 · Cited by 11
“27 28 We investigated changes in putative autoantibodies during treatment using IMS against 13,028 candidate human proteins, calculating fold-change in peak area output at baseline and on-treatment for each protein target (figure 5A,B).”
Immune-related adverse events of immune checkpoint inhibitors
Tadano, H., & Torigoe, T. (2017) · Japanese Journal of Clinical Immunology · doi:10.2177/jsci.40.102 · Cited by 11
Challenging Cases: Management of Immune-Related Toxicity
Weber, J. S. (2018) · American Society of Clinical Oncology Educational Book · doi:10.1200/edbk_209557 · Cited by 10
Wu, Y., Wang, Z., Bai, H., & Gao, Y. (2022) · Oncology Letters · doi:10.3892/ol.2022.13429 · Cited by 11
“…who develop thyroid dysfunction during pembrolizumab treatment for non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) exhibit improved overall survival (OS) (16); patients with renal cell carcinoma, metastatic melanoma, and NSCLC who acquire overt thyroid dysfunction during nivolumab or pembrolizumab…”
Kotwal, A., Perlman, J. E., Goldner, W. S., Marr, A., & Mammen, J. S. (2023) · JCO Oncology Practice · doi:10.1200/op.23.00023 · Cited by 11
Khalid, F., Gupta, R., Gor, R., Gor, D., Singh, V., & Eltoukhy, H. S. (2023) · World Journal of Oncology · doi:10.14740/wjon1575 · Cited by 11
“The increased immune reactivity either acts by increasing the antibodies against the self-antigens, infiltration of clonal T cells similar to that present in tumor or increasing the cytokine level acting against the normal healthy tissue [12].”
Xu, Y., Ding, L., Li, H., Peng, Z., Ding, K., Huang, Z., Zhou, Z., Xie, M., Yan, J., Feng, S., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1194123 · Cited by 11
Hayakawa, N., Kikuchi, E., Suzuki, S., & Oya, M. (2020) · International Cancer Conference Journal · doi:10.1007/s13691-020-00408-4 · Cited by 11
Jessel, S., Austin, M., & Kluger, H. M. (2021) · PubMed · Cited by 11
Katakura, Y., Kimura, T., Kusano, T., Tatsumi, F., Iwamoto, Y., Sanada, J., Fushimi, Y., Shimoda, M., Kohara, K., Nakanishi, S., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2021.722586 · Cited by 10
Li, Y., Zang, Y., Fan, T., Li, Z., Li, A., Lv, W., Wang, Q., Li, Q., Li, Y., Li, Q., et al. (2022) · Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal · doi:10.1016/j.csbj.2022.05.019 · Cited by 11
Seguí, E., Zamora, C., Barreto, T. D., Padrosa, J., Viladot, M., & Marco‐Hernández, J. (2022) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics12092116 · Cited by 10
Pani, F., Yasuda, Y., Rousseau, S. T., Bermea, K. C., Roshanmehr, S., Wang, R., Yegnasubramanian, S., Caturegli, P., & Adamo, L. (2022) · Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer · doi:10.1136/jitc-2022-005538 · Cited by 10
Ikeda, Y., Sato, S., Omu, R., Nishimura, A., Arii, S., Uchida, R., Nomura, K., Sato, S., Murata, A., Shimada, Y., et al. (2023) · Internal Medicine · doi:10.2169/internalmedicine.1446-22 · Cited by 10
“(6, 7).”
Endocrine dysfunctions during treatment of immune-checkpoint inhibitors
Inaba, H., Ariyasu, H., Okuhira, H., Yamamoto, Y., Akamatsu, H., Katsuda, M., Jinnin, M., Hara, I., & Akamizu, T. (2018) · Trends in Immunotherapy · doi:10.24294/ti.v2.i2.606 · Cited by 10
“1% of malignant melanoma patients([24]) and 21% of non-small cell lung cell cancer patients, respectively([26]).”
BackgroundImmune checkpoint inhibitor-related thyroid dysfunction
Illouz, F., Briet, C., & Rodien, P. (2023) · Annales d Endocrinologie · doi:10.1016/j.ando.2023.03.005 · Cited by 11
Severe thyrotoxicosis induced by tislelizumab: a case report and literature review
Huo, L., Wang, C., Ding, H., Shi, X., Shan, B., Zhou, R., Liang, P., & Hou, J. (2023) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2023.1190491 · Cited by 11
“ICI-induced thyroid dysfunction often occurs within weeks to months of medication, with a median onset time of 18 to 123 days, and has been reported as early as 7 days and as late as 3 years, and the median onset time is shorter in patients with hyperthyroidism than in hypothyroidism, and 80% of patients with hyperthy…”
BackgroundPhosphorylation of AHR by PLK1 promotes metastasis of LUAD via DIO2-TH signaling
Li, C., Allison, D. B., He, D., Mao, F., Wang, X., Rychahou, P. G., Imam, I. A., Kong, Y., Zhang, Q., Zhang, Y., et al. (2023) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1011017 · Cited by 10
C3 glomerulonephritis in a patient treated with anti–PD-1 antibody
Ville, S., Kandel-Aznar, C., Frémeaux‐Bacchi, V., & Fakhouri, F. (2019) · European Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2019.11.011 · Cited by 10
Unique and distinctive histological features of immunotherapy-related thyroiditis
Zaborowski, M., Sywak, M. S., Nylén, C., Gill, A. J., & Chou, A. S. Y. (2020) · Pathology · doi:10.1016/j.pathol.2019.10.010 · Cited by 10
Zhou, S., Zhou, L., Xue, J., & Lü, Y. (2020) · Chinese Journal of Cancer Research · doi:10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2020.04.03 · Cited by 10
Adda, L., Batteux, B., Saidak, Z., Poulet, C., Arnault, J., Chauffert, B., & Séjourné, A. (2021) · Joint Bone Spine · doi:10.1016/j.jbspin.2021.105168 · Cited by 11
Mayer, K. T., Briese, W., Blieninger, J., Brossart, P., Bisht, S., & Feldmann, G. (2021) · Oncology Research and Treatment · doi:10.1159/000518449 · Cited by 10
Evangelista, G. F. D. B., Figueiredo, A. B., Silva, M. J. D. B. E., & Gollob, K. J. (2022) · Immunotherapy Advances · doi:10.1093/immadv/ltac008 · Cited by 10
“with thyroid dysfunction (hypothyroidism, thyrotoxicosis, and thyroiditis), one of the most frequent irAEs [62, 63].”
BackgroundDeligiorgi, M. V., & Trafalis, D. T. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm11123417 · Cited by 12
Pancreatic adverse events in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors
Hana, C. K., Rehman, T. U., Park, K., Uribe, C. R. C., Aung, P. P., Hunis, B., Salzberg, M. P., Zikria, J., & Hussein, A. M. (2023) · JGH Open · doi:10.1002/jgh3.12875 · Cited by 10
Galli, G., Proto, C., Cossa, M., Valeri, B., Sdao, S., Signorelli, D., Imbimbo, M., de Braud, F., Garassino, M. C., & Russo, G. L. (2019) · Tumori Journal · doi:10.1177/0300891619872546 · Cited by 10
Hematological and Extra-Hematological Autoimmune Complications after Checkpoint Inhibitors
Fattizzo, B., Rampi, N., & Barcellini, W. (2022) · Pharmaceuticals · doi:10.3390/ph15050557 · Cited by 10
“Pre-existing thyroid dysfunction represents a significant risk factor for the development of such toxicity [28], whilst the role of anti-TPO autoantibodies is controversial (no association with the time to thyroiditis but with more severe thyroid dysfunction) [29,30].”
BackgroundTKIs beyond immunotherapy predict improved survival in advanced HCC
Armstrong, S. A., Roy, T., Singh, B. P., Kulasekaran, M., Shaukat, F., Geng, X., Wang, H., Prins, P., Jha, R. C., Hartley, M. L., et al. (2022) · Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1007/s00432-022-04115-w · Cited by 9
“Immunotherapy-related adverse events such as vitiligo, hypothyroidism, hypophysitis, and colitis in malignancies other than HCC were shown to correlate with improved clinical response (Faje et al. 2018; Osorio et al. 2017; Teulings et al. 2015; Wang et al. 2018).”
BackgroundPD-1, BTLA and TIGIT as therapeutic targets for rheumatic disease
Kuchroo, J. R., Goldman, N., & Sharpe, A. H. (2025) · Nature Reviews Rheumatology · doi:10.1038/s41584-025-01296-9 · Cited by 10
“Some patients who develop diabetes-like irAEs or thyroiditis have evidence of autoantibody production analogous to patients with autoimmune disease 14,19–22 .”
Pulmonary Complications of Immunotherapy
Bade, B. C., & Possick, J. D. (2020) · Clinics in Chest Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2020.02.012 · Cited by 9
Immune-mediated adverse events in immune checkpoint inhibitors therapy: literature review
Lyadova, M. A., & Lyadov, V. K. (2021) · Journal of Modern Oncology · doi:10.26442/18151434.2021.2.200502 · Cited by 10
Immune-Related Thyroid Adverse Events Predict Response to PD-1 Blockade in Patients with Melanoma
Dawidowska, A., Jagodzińska-Mucha, P., Koseła-Paterczyk, H., Jaczewska, S., Sobczuk, P., Chełstowska, M., Kowalska, M. M., Badziak-Sterczewska, H., Poleszczuk, J., Rutkowski, P. L., et al. (2022) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers14051248 · Cited by 9
Hayashi, H., Sawada, K., Hasebe, T., Nakajima, S., Sawada, J., Takiyama, Y., Takiyama, Y., Okumura, T., & Fujiya, M. (2022) · Internal Medicine · doi:10.2169/internalmedicine.9393-22 · Cited by 9
“The overall survival has been shown to be better in patients with certain endocrine irAEs, such as ipilimumab-induced hypophysitis (29) and PD-1/PDL1-induced thyroiditis (17, 30).”
BackgroundFacing SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak in Immunotherapy Era
Citarella, F., Russano, M., Pantano, F., Dell’Aquila, E., Vincenzi, B., Tonini, G., & Santini, D. (2020) · Future Oncology · doi:10.2217/fon-2020-0340 · Cited by 9
Metadata
- Authors
- Osorio, J. C., Ni, A., Chaft, J. E., Pollina, R., Kasler, M. K., Stephens, D., Rodriguez, C., Cambridge, L., Rizvi, H., Wolchok, J. D., Merghoub, T., Rudin, C. M., Fish, S., & Hellmann, M. D.
- Affiliations
- Weill Cornell Medicine (US)
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hellmann, M.D.
- Venue
- Annals of Oncology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-03
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 583-589
- ISSN
- 0923-7534 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5834017
- OpenAlex
- W2561156916
- Cited by
- 659
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 50 · 2024: 70 · 2023: 75 · 2022: 102 · 2021: 95 · 2020: 98 · 2019: 77 · 2018: 51 · 2017: 17
- FWCI
- 26.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Annals of Oncology (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Cancer Institute (P30 CA008748)
- Fiona and Stanley Druckenmiller Center for Lung Cancer Research
- KEYNOTE-001 (NCT01295827)
- Merck Sharp & Dohme, a subsidiary of Merck
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Disorders and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Autoimmune Neurological Disorders and Treatments
- Keywords
- immune-related adverse events, anti-thyroid antibodies, pembrolizumab, anti-PD-1 therapy, non-small cell lung cancer, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, humoral immunity, immune checkpoint inhibitors, progression-free survival, overall survival
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung, Female, Humans, Hyperthyroidism, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasm Staging, T-Lymphocytes, Thyroid Gland, Disease-Free Survival, Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized, Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
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