The DOI matches its Crossref record; 25 of the 28 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Moderated statistical tests for assessing differences in tag abundance
Open accessAbstract
Motivation: Digital gene expression (DGE) technologies measure gene expression by counting sequence tags. They are sensitive technologies for measuring gene expression on a genomic scale, without the need for prior knowledge of the genome sequence. As the cost of sequencing DNA decreases, the number of DGE datasets is expected to grow dramatically. Various tests of differential expression have been proposed for replicated DGE data using binomial, Poisson, negative binomial or pseudo-likelihood (PL) models for the counts, but none of the these are usable when the number of replicates is very small. Results: We develop tests using the negative binomial distribution to model overdispersion relative to the Poisson, and use conditional weighted likelihood to moderate the level of overdispersion across genes. Not only is our strategy applicable even with the smallest number of libraries, but it also proves to be more powerful than previous strategies when more libraries are available. The methodology is equally applicable to other counting technologies, such as proteomic spectral counts. Availability: An R package can be accessed from http://bioinf.wehi.edu.au/resources/ Contact: smyth@wehi.edu.au Supplementary information: http://bioinf.wehi.edu.au/resources/
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“and the quasi-likelihood framework within edgeR to handle the pronounced variability of the single cell expression states.”
From Epigenetic regulation of brain region-specific microglia clearance activity (2018) · cites this paper as [80]
In the citing paper
“We used the negative binomial (NB) model implemented in edgeR (3.10.0)79–83 for our single cell differential expression analysis to explicitly account for the sparse count matrix”
From Epigenetic regulation of brain region-specific microglia clearance activity (2018) · cites this paper as [80]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Smyth, G. K. (2004) · Statistical Applications in Genetics and Molecular Biology · doi:10.2202/1544-6115.1027 · Cited by 11,829
Self-citationIn silico prediction of protein-protein interactions in human macrophages
Souiai, O., Guerfali, F. Z., Miled, S. B., Brun, C., & Benkahla, A. (2014) · BMC Research Notes · doi:10.1186/1756-0500-7-157 · Cited by 10,785
Significance analysis of microarrays applied to the ionizing radiation response
Tusher, V. G., Tibshirani, R., & Chu, G. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.091062498 · Cited by 10,568
Genome sequencing in microfabricated high-density picolitre reactors
Margulies, M., Egholm, M., Altman, W. E., Attiya, S., Bader, J. S., Bemben, L. A., Berka, J., Braverman, M. S., Chen, Y.-J., Chen, Z., et al. (2005) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature03959 · Cited by 7,693
Serial Analysis of Gene Expression
Velculescu, V. E., Zhang, L., Vogelstein, B., & Kinzler, K. W. (1995) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.270.5235.484 · Cited by 3,713
Gene expression analysis by massively parallel signature sequencing (MPSS) on microbead arrays.
Brenner, S., Johnson, M., Bridgham, J., Golda, G., Lloyd, D. H., Johnson, D., Luo, S., McCurdy, S., Foy, M., Ewan, M., et al. (2000) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/76469 · Cited by 1,360
Gene Expression Profiles in Normal and Cancer Cells
Zhang, L., Zhou, W., Velculescu, V. E., Kern, S. E., Hruban, R. H., Hamilton, S. R., Vogelstein, B., & Kinzler, K. W. (1997) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.276.5316.1268 · Cited by 1,186
Lu, P., Vogel, C., Wang, R., Yao, X., & Marcotte, E. M. (2007) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt1270 · Cited by 1,139
Small-sample estimation of negative binomial dispersion, with applications to SAGE data
Robinson, M. D., & Smyth, G. K. (2007) · Biostatistics · doi:10.1093/biostatistics/kxm030 · Cited by 1,073
Self-citationCummins, J. M., He, Y., Leary, R. J., Pagliarini, R., Diaz, L. A., Sjoblom, T., Barad, O., Bentwich, Z., Szafranska, A. E., Labourier, E., et al. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0511155103 · Cited by 744
Impey, S., McCorkle, S., Cha‐Molstad, H., Dwyer, J. M., Yochum, G. S., Boss, J. M., McWeeney, S. K., Dunn, J. J., Mandel, G., & Goodman, R. H. (2004) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2004.10.032 · Cited by 708
Distinct epigenetic changes in the stromal cells of breast cancers
Hu, M., Yao, J., Cai, L., Bachman, K., van den Brûle, F., Velculescu, V. E., & Polyák, K. (2005) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng1596 · Cited by 520
A public database for gene expression in human cancers.
Lal, A., Lash, A., Altschul, S. F., Velculescu, V. E., Zhang, L., McLendon, R. E., Marra, M. A., Prange, C. K., Morin, P. J., Polyák, K., et al. (1999) · PubMed · Cited by 414
Differential expression in SAGE: accounting for normal between-library variation
Baggerly, K., Deng, L., Morris, J. S., & Aldaz, C. M. (2003) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btg173 · Cited by 316
Polony Multiplex Analysis of Gene Expression (PMAGE) in Mouse Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Kim, J. B., Porreca, G. J., Song, L., Greenway, S. C., Gorham, J., Church, G. M., Seidman, C. E., & Seidman, J. G. (2007) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1137325 · Cited by 202
Aung, P. P., Oue, N., Mitani, Y., Nakayama, H., Yoshida, K., Noguchi, T., Bosserhoff, A., & Yasui, W. (2005) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1209279 · Cited by 162
Ryu, B., Jones, J., Blades, N. J., Parmigiani, G., Hollingsworth, M. A., Hruban, R. H., & Kern, S. E. (2002) · PubMed · Cited by 154
Siddiqui, A. S., Khattra, J., Delaney, A. D., Zhao, Y., Astell, C., Asano, J., Babakaiff, R., Barber, S., Beland, J., Bohacec, S., et al. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0509455102 · Cited by 116
Lu, J., Tomfohr, J. K., & Kepler, T. B. (2005) · BMC Bioinformatics · doi:10.1186/1471-2105-6-165 · Cited by 79
Wang, S. M. (2006) · Trends in Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.tig.2006.11.001 · Cited by 74
Overdispersed logistic regression for SAGE: Modelling multiple groups and covariates
Baggerly, K., Deng, L., Morris, J. S., & Aldaz, C. M. (2004) · BMC Bioinformatics · doi:10.1186/1471-2105-5-144 · Cited by 58
Bayesian Inference for the Negative Binomial Distribution via Polynomial Expansions
Bradlow, E. T., Hardie, B. G. S., & Fader, P. (2002) · Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics · doi:10.1198/106186002317375677 · Cited by 55
Next-generation sequencing outpaces expectations
Shaffer, C. (2007) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt0207-149 · Cited by 52
Chen, J., Lee, S., Zhou, G., & Wang, S. M. (2001) · Genes Chromosomes and Cancer · doi:10.1002/gcc.10017 · Cited by 51
Approximating bayesian inference by weighted likelihood
Wang, X. (2006) · Canadian Journal of Statistics · doi:10.1002/cjs.5550340206 · Cited by 23
Flagged first, then by citations
3 of the 28 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Moderated estimation of fold change and dispersion for RNA-seq data with DESeq2
Love, M. I., Huber, W., & Anders, S. (2014) · Genome Biology · doi:10.1186/s13059-014-0550-8 · Cited by 95,106
Robinson, M. D., McCarthy, D. J., & Smyth, G. K. (2010) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btp616 · Cited by 41,364
Self-citationDifferential expression analysis for sequence count data
Anders, S., & Huber, W. (2010) · Genome Biology · doi:10.1186/gb-2010-11-10-r106 · Cited by 15,581
A scaling normalization method for differential expression analysis of RNA-seq data
Robinson, M. D., & Oshlack, A. (2010) · Genome Biology · doi:10.1186/gb-2010-11-3-r25 · Cited by 7,876
Self-citationGene ontology analysis for RNA-seq: accounting for selection bias
Young, M. D., Wakefield, M. J., Smyth, G. K., & Oshlack, A. (2010) · Genome Biology · doi:10.1186/gb-2010-11-2-r14 · Cited by 7,107
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Robinson, M. D., & Smyth, G. K.
- Affiliations
- The University of Melbourne (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Smyth, Gordon K.
- Venue
- Bioinformatics
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2007-09-19
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 21
- Pages
- 2881-2887
- ISSN
- 1367-4803 (ISSN-L)
- 1367-4811
- OpenAlex
- W2145416275
- Cited by
- 856
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 43 · 2023: 44 · 2022: 44 · 2021: 56 · 2020: 62 · 2019: 61 · 2018: 63 · 2017: 63 · 2016: 82 · 2015: 58 · 2014: 70 · 2013: 66 · 2012: 39
- FWCI
- 5.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- Bioinformatics (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Health and Medical Research Council (406657)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gene expression and cancer classification
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks
- Keywords
- differential gene expression, digital gene expression, negative binomial distribution, overdispersion, gene expression counts, spectral counts, R package
- MeSH terms
- Algorithms, Computer Simulation, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Models, Genetic, Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted, Models, Statistical, Poisson Distribution, Likelihood Functions, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Expressed Sequence Tags, Gene Expression Profiling
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review