The DOI matches its Crossref record.
The Probable Error of a Mean
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“A t-test (Student, 1908) and effect size analysis (Cohen, 1988) (p-value=1.60e-4, Cohen's d=0.9851), as shown in Figure 3, reveal statistically significant differences between these two categories, with the non-parametric subset showing much greater variability.”
From Deciphering the Interplay of Parametric and Non-parametric Memory in Retrieval-augmented Language Models (2024) · cites this paper as Student, 1908
Citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
A new method for non-parametric multivariate analysis of variance
Anderson, M. J. (2001) · Austral Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.1442-9993.2001.01070.pp.x · Cited by 13,828
Data-driven Soft Sensors in the process industry
Kadlec, P., Gabrys, B., & Strandt, S. (2009) · Computers & Chemical Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.compchemeng.2008.12.012 · Cited by 1,845
Bayesian estimation supersedes the t-test
Kruschke, J. K. (2013) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037/a0029146 · Cited by 1,530
Single-trial analysis and classification of ERP components — A tutorial
Blankertz, B., Lemm, S., Treder, M., Haufe, S., & Müller, K.-R. (2011) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.06.048 · Cited by 1,138
The Generalization of Student’s Ratio
Hotelling, H. (1992) · Springer series in statistics · doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-0919-5_4 · Cited by 1,082
Metadata
- Authors
- Student
- Corresponding author
- Student
- Venue
- Biometrika
- Publisher
- JSTOR
- Published
- 1908-03
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1
- ISSN
- 0006-3444 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4205110562
- Cited by
- 1,363
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 40 · 2025: 40 · 2024: 85 · 2023: 38 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 37 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 78 · 2018: 99 · 2017: 79 · 2016: 98 · 2015: 73 · 2014: 64 · 2013: 40 · 2012: 50
- FWCI
- 0.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Biometrika (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Probability and Statistical Research
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Distribution Estimation and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods and Applications
- Keywords
- probable error, mean, sampling error, standard errors, confidence limits
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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